Solution-focused therapy (SFT), also known as Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), is a short-term, goal-oriented therapeutic approach that focuses on solutions rather than problems. Developed by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg in the 1980s, SFT is based on the belief that individuals have the resources to resolve their issues by identifying and amplifying their strengths. This article explores the key principles, techniques, and benefits of solution-focused therapy.
Keywords: Solution-focused therapy, Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT), Practical therapy approaches, Brief therapy benefits, Goal setting in therapy, Strengths-based therapy
Core Principles of Solution-Focused Therapy
SFT differs from traditional therapeutic models by shifting the focus from diagnosing and analysing problems to identifying potential solutions. The primary principles of SFT include:
1. Focus on Solutions, Not Problems
Rather than dwelling on the causes of a client’s distress, SFT encourages clients to envision their desired future and explore what steps they can take to achieve that outcome (de Shazer et al. 2007). This forward-looking perspective empowers clients to find actionable steps to resolve their issues.
2. Use of Client Strengths and Resources
SFT operates on the belief that clients possess the internal resources needed to solve their problems. The therapist helps the client identify past successes and existing strengths that can be applied to current challenges (Berg & De Jong 1996).
3. Small, Achievable Goals
In SFT, therapists work with clients to set small, realistic goals that can be achieved in the short term. These small victories help build momentum, leading to long-term improvement (Franklin et al. 2012).
Techniques Used in Solution-Focused Therapy
Several specific techniques are used in SFT to help clients achieve their goals:
1. Miracle Question
One of the most well-known techniques in SFT is the miracle question, where the therapist asks the client to imagine that their problem has been solved overnight. They are then asked to describe how they would know that the miracle had occurred and what would be different in their lives. This technique helps clients envision their desired future and identify concrete steps to achieve it (de Shazer et al. 2007).
2. Scaling Questions
Scaling questions ask clients to rate their progress or current emotional state on a scale from 1 to 10. This allows the therapist to measure the client’s perception of change and encourages reflection on what is working well. It also provides a clear starting point for future improvements (Franklin et al. 2012).
3. Exception-Finding
Exception-finding involves identifying times when the client’s problem was less severe or absent. By exploring what was different during those times, clients can discover effective strategies to manage or resolve their current difficulties (Berg & De Jong 1996).
The Benefits of Solution-Focused Therapy
SFT offers several benefits, particularly for individuals seeking a brief and effective therapeutic approach:
1. Time-Efficient
As a brief therapy, SFT is designed to help clients make meaningful changes in a short period. It is often used in settings where time is limited, such as employee assistance programs or school counselling (Bond et al. 2013).
2. Empowering Clients
SFT empowers clients by focusing on their strengths and abilities rather than their problems. This positive focus enhances motivation and fosters self-efficacy, as clients realise they have the power to make changes in their lives.
3. Versatility
SFT is versatile and can be applied to a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, relationship problems, and workplace stress. It is also suitable for both individual and group therapy settings (Bond et al. 2013).
Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Therapy
Research supports the effectiveness of SFT, particularly in brief interventions. A meta-analysis conducted by Kim (2008) found that SFT is effective across a variety of settings, including mental health care, education, and social work. The results indicated that SFT produced significant improvements in clients’ overall functioning, emotional well-being, and goal achievement.
Moreover, SFT’s focus on immediate, actionable goals has been shown to reduce distress and improve coping skills in a relatively short time frame. This makes it particularly useful for clients seeking quick, practical solutions to their challenges.
Conclusion
Solution-focused therapy is a practical, strengths-based approach that focuses on identifying solutions rather than analysing problems. By empowering clients to set small, achievable goals and draw on their existing resources, SFT offers an effective pathway to meaningful change. With its time-efficient and positive focus, SFT is an excellent option for those seeking brief, solution-oriented therapy.
References
- Berg, IK & De Jong, P 1996, Solution-focused therapy: An interview approach, W.W. Norton & Company, New York.
- Bond, C, Woods, K, Humphrey, N, Symes, W & Green, L 2013, ‘The effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy with children and families: A systematic and critical review’, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 707-723.
- de Shazer, S, Dolan, Y, Korman, H, Trepper, TS, McCollum, EE & Berg, IK 2007, More than miracles: The state of the art of solution-focused brief therapy, Haworth Press, New York.
- Franklin, C, Trepper, T, Gingerich, W & McCollum, E (eds.) 2012, Solution-focused brief therapy: A handbook of evidence-based practice, Oxford University Press, New York.
- Kim, JS 2008, ‘Examining the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy: A meta-analysis’, Research on Social Work Practice, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 107-116.
How to get in touch
If you or your NDIS participant need immediate mental healthcare assistance, feel free to get in contact with us on 1800 NEAR ME – admin@therapynearme.com.au.
