Uncategorized

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 29/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. On July 28, 2025, a mass shooting at 345 Park Avenue, Midtown Manhattan, claimed four lives—including an NYPD officer—and wounded others before the perpetrator, identified as 27‑year‑old Shane Tamura, took his own life. Reports confirm that Tamura had a documented history of mental health challenges and left a suicide note claiming he suffered from Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)—a degenerative brain condition associated with repeated head trauma and observed in former contact sports athletes (NYPD; Washington Post 2025; Daily Beast 2025)  . Keywords: Mass shooter mental health, Manhattan shooter mental health history, Shane Tamura CTE belief, mass shooting CTE link, suicidal mass shooter, mental illness and gun violence, lone actor shooter psychology, mass shooting profile research, prevention leakage mass violence, psychological profile Tamura. 1. Mental Health History & CTE Belief Tamura’s note asserted he had CTE and blamed the NFL for neglecting those suffering from the condition, referencing former player Terry Long, who died by suicide post-mortem diagnosed with CTE (Business Insider 2025; Daily Beast 2025)  . While CTE can only be definitively diagnosed after death, experts note its symptoms—mood swings, depression, impulsivity, cognitive impairment, and memory loss—align with those Tamura described and with behavioral risk observed in some individuals with repetitive brain trauma (Business Insider 2025)  . 2. Mass Shooter Profiles & Mental Illness Prevalence Approximately 70% of mass shooters have a documented mental health history, but only around 25–30% meet criteria for serious psychiatric disorders like thought disorders. Psychosis is present in only ~5% of such cases, while non-psychotic conditions—depression, substance misuse—are more prevalent (Peterson et al.; Columbia Psychiatry 2022)  . Shane Tamura appears to fall into this pattern: mental health struggles without clear evidence of psychosis, alongside suicidal ideation, self-harm, or personality disturbances common among lone-actor attackers (Peterson; Psychiatric Times 2019)  . 3. Suicidality and Violence Research indicates shooters who die by suicide (either self-inflicted or “suicide by cop”) often kill more victims—on average four or more—than those who survive. Tamura’s act fits this tragic profile: he travelled cross-country with firearm possession, left a manifesto-like note, and ended his life at the scene (Vuong et al., 2023; arXiv)  . 4. Broader Context: Mental Health & Gun Violence Though mass shootings draw public attention to mental illness, experts caution that focusing solely on psychiatric factors distracts from broader determinants like social isolation, grievance, narcissism, or community disconnection (APA consensus 2022; Columbia Psychiatry 2022)  . The Violence Project database highlights common themes in perpetrators: early trauma, loss events, grievance escalation, studying prior shootings, and access to firearms (Columbia Psychiatry; Wikipedia mass shootings 2025)  . 5. Implications for Mental Health Understanding References American Psychiatric Association (2022) Consensus statement on mental illness and mass shootings. Vuong, Q.-H., Nguyen, M.-H., Jin, R. & Le, T.-T. (2023) ‘Suicidal mass shooters and increased victim count’, arXiv. Peterson, J., Densley, J. & Others (2022) ‘Characteristics of mass shooters’, Columbia Psychiatry. Pies, R.W. (2019) ‘Dimensional model of mental functioning and mass shooter profiles’, Psychiatric Times. Transaction and FBI Behavioral Analysis Unit data (2025) Leakage in mass shooters. Business Insider (2025) ‘CTE brain disease and shooter note’, published 29 July. Daily Beast (2025) ‘Shooter targeted NFL in manifesto’, published after July 28. Washington Post (2025) Authorities investigating shooter note referencing CTE and NFL, 28 Jul. Irish Times (2025) New York shooting report identifying shooter & mental health history, 29 Jul. News.com.au / Times of India (2025) Shooter went to wrong office, blame on NFL and CTE, 29 Jul.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 29/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Wondering whether you might be autistic is perfectly valid—and increasingly common. Autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD) affects how people communicate, think, and relate to the world. While only a professional assessment can confirm a diagnosis, self-reflection and informed understanding can help guide your next steps. Keywords: am I autistic, autistic traits signs, adult autism self-diagnosis, autism masking women, autism diagnosis criteria DSM‑5, autism mental health comorbid, autism self test, mask autism signs, late autism diagnosis, ASD support adults 1. What Is Autism and Who Gets Diagnosed? Autism is a neurodevelopmental difference characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests (APA, 2022; Wikipedia, 2025) Carry on Therapy+3Wikipedia+3Wikipedia+3. It is understood as a spectrum—not a fixed label. While historically autism was underdiagnosed in women and marginalized communities, diagnosis rates have increased dramatically in recent years (Rippon, 2025; Guardian) The Guardian. Autism is highly heritable—estimated at 80–90%—with genetics and prenatal environmental factors contributing to risk (Washington Post, 2025) The Washington Post. 2. DSM‑5 Diagnostic Criteria: What to Look For The DSM‑5 and its text revision (DSM‑5‑TR, 2022) outline five formal criteria that must be met for a diagnosis (APA, 2022; Autism Australasian sources) Carry on Therapy+9IntelliStars ABA+9Autism & ADHD Advocates+9: A. Social Communication Challenges (all three required): B. Restricted or repetitive behaviors (at least two required): C. Early Development: Behaviors must have appeared in early childhood. D. Impact: Symptoms must cause clinically significant impairment in areas like work, relationships, or self-care. E. Differentiation: Symptoms cannot be better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay. If these align with your lived experiences—especially across settings—consider documenting specific examples for each criterion (Everyday Autistic guide, Warner, 2024) Autism & ADHD Advocates+15The Everyday Autistic+15Autism Speaks+15Wikipedia. 3. Common Signs of Self-Reflection Many adults reflect on questions like: Masking—actively concealing autistic traits—is common, especially among women, and often contributes to delayed or missed diagnoses (Wikipedia, diagnostic overshadowing; Brede et al., 2022) Capstone Mental HealthThe Everyday AutisticThe Guardian+3Wikipedia+3Verywell Family+3. 4. Self-Assessment vs. Professional Diagnosis Self-diagnosis can be empowering if informed by research and autistic community insights (Simply Psychology, 2023) Verywell Mind+2Simply Psychology+2Embrace Autism+2. Many use screening tools like the AQ or behavioral journals, or join peer forums. However, major clinical guidelines recommend formal multi-disciplinary assessments—often involving tools like the ADOS, ADI‑R, and structured developmental interviews—for an accurate diagnosis (Autism UK; Wikipedia ADOS & ADI‑R) National Autistic SocietyWikipedia. Formal diagnosis offers access to supports and accommodations, and often brings personal clarity (AP News, 2025; FT personal essay, 2025) myautismmind.com+8AP News+8Financial Times+8. 5. Mental Health Implications Autistic individuals face higher rates of co-occurring conditions—anxiety, depression, OCD—with about 80% experiencing a mental health issue in their lives (Wikipedia comorbidity; Lai et al., 2019) Wikipedia. Misdiagnoses are common due to overlapping symptoms. Diagnostic overshadowing—where autistic traits mask other mental health needs—can delay treatment (Wikipedia overshadowing; Botha & Frost, 2020) Wikipedia. Better recognition and support tailored to autistic mental health needs is emerging as critical (Sciencedirect, 2025) sciencedirect.com. 6. Next Steps: What You Can Do References American Psychiatric Association (2022) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM‑5‑TR. Arlington, VA: APA Publishing. Everyday Autistic (2024) ‘Am I Autistic? Breaking Down the DSM‑5 Criteria for Autism (with Examples)’ [online]. Available at: automatic link [Accessed 17 Jul. 2025]. Guardian (2025) Rippon, G. ‘Why the antagonism over the rise in autism diagnoses? It’s actually good news’. The Guardian, 21 Jul. Lai, M.‑C. et al. (2019) ‘Prevalence of depressive disorders in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a meta‑analysis’, J. Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(1), pp. 165–175. Rippon, G. (2025) Commentary on rising autism diagnoses. The Guardian, 21 Jul. Sciencedirect (2025) ‘Mental health in autistic adults: Key stages in the journey from self-recognition to care’, Clinical Psychology Review. Simply Psychology (2023) ‘Is It Valid to Self-Diagnose Autism?’ [online]. Warner, J. (2024) ‘Am I Autistic? Breaking Down the DSM‑5 Criteria’ The Everyday Autistic. Washington Post (2025) ‘What we know (and don’t know) about autism, according to science’, Washington Post, 23 Apr. Wikipedia contributors (2025) ‘Autism’, Wikipedia, updated July 2025; ‘Diagnostic overshadowing in autism’; ‘ADOS’; ‘ADI‑R’.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 27/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Celebrity culture often spotlights psychological instability—and it’s worth asking: is this instability real, exaggerated, or simply a media distortion? This article explores the complexities of mental health in high-profile figures, using scientific insights to separate fact from fiction. Keywords: celebrity mental health, sad clown paradox celebrities, parasocial relationships mental illness, media stigma celebrities, Amber Heard mental health, Jay-Z therapy stigma, Selena Gomez bipolar, celebrity disclosure impact, fame and mental health research 1. Public Figures and Mental Illness: Reducing Stigma? Research shows that when celebrities openly share their mental health struggles, it can help reduce stigma—especially when the disclosure aligns with their persona and audience (Corrigan et al., 2021)  . However, the public often perceives non-celebrities as more relatable—limiting the impact of famous voices (APA, 2022)  . 2. The “Sad Clown” Paradox Many performers—comedians, actors, musicians—are associated with the “sad clown paradox,” linking creativity and humour with higher rates of depression and anxiety (Fisher; Kaufman & Kozbelt, 2009)  . Early adversity often drives artistic expression, while ongoing emotional turmoil fuels creativity—a pattern at higher risk of instability. 3. Parasocial Relationships & Celebrity Pressure Fans form parasocial relationships—one-sided emotional connections to celebrities—which can amplify the impact when stars struggle mentally (Hoffner & Bond, 2021)  . Meanwhile, celebrities face enormous mental health pressure: fame, scrutiny, and unattainable expectations add to vulnerability. 4. Media Inflates “Instability” Media often applies stigmatising labels—words like “crazy,” “unstable,” or “volatile”—to celebrity behaviour, reinforcing negative stereotypes (Wikipedia, Mental Illness in Media, 2025)  . This sensationalist framing encourages harmful public assumptions and may discourage celebrities from seeking help. 5. Real Cases: Disclosure vs Speculation Amber Heard During her defamation trial, speculation about her mental health was rampant, but these claims lacked clinical basis and leaned heavily on gendered stigma (Scientific American, 2022)  . Jay‑Z The rapper’s public acknowledgment of therapy, especially addressing stigma in the Black community, illustrates how celebrity voices can normalise mental health support (CNN, 2018)  . Selena Gomez Her disclosure of bipolar disorder catalysed conversations among fans, giving vulnerable individuals permission to open up and seek treatment (Teen Vogue, 2018)  . 6. Celebrity Disclosures: Powerful, Yet Imperfect While celebrity self-revelations can destigmatise mental illness, they are most effective when: Otherwise, disclosures may seem performative, diluting their impact. 7. Psychological Lessons for the Public References Corrigan, P. W., Kundert, C. & Laique, A. (2021) ‘Impact of celebrity disclosure on mental health‑related stigma’, Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 30, e78.  Kaufman, S.B. & Kozbelt, A. (2009) The Psychology of Creative Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  Fisher, S. (1981) Pretend the World Is Funny and Forever: A Psychological Analysis of Comedians, Clowns, and Actors. Lawrence Erlbaum. Hoffner, C.A. & Bond, B.J. (2021) ‘Parasocial relationships, social media, & well‑being’, in Griffiths, M.D. (ed.) Celebrity worship, social media & mental health. Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona.  Wikipedia contributors (2025) ‘Mental illness in media’, Wikipedia, 23 Jul.  Scientific American (2022) ‘Amber Heard and Britney Spears highlight stigma of women’s mental illness’. Scientific American, 15 Mar.  Teen Vogue (2018) ‘Selena Gomez fans on impact of singer talking about bipolar disorder’. Teen Vogue, 20 Jun.  CNN (2018) Jay‑Z says mental health stigma in Black community is ridiculous. CNN, 30 Jan. 

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 27/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Weekends are meant for rest—but some Sunday habits can backfire, triggering the dreaded Sunday Scaries. This article highlights common Sunday missteps that fuel anxiety and mood dips, along with expert-backed strategies to avoid them. Keywords: Sunday Scaries, Sunday anxiety habits, bad weekend habits mental health, doomscrolling Sunday, procrastination anxiety, Sunday routine tips, avoid Sunday stress, Sunday self-care, Sunday reset routine, mental health weekend tips 1. Doomscrolling Evening News Scrolling endlessly through negative headlines (“doomscrolling”) on Sunday evenings elevates cortisol, disrupts sleep, and worsens anxiety symptoms (The Daily Beast, 2025; Verywell Health, 2025), making your system feel like it’s permanently “on alert” (Verywell Health, 2025). 2. Overthinking & “What-If” Mental Loops Replaying worries about the week ahead—like upcoming meetings or to-dos—creates anticipatory anxiety, reinforcing the Scaries pattern (State of Mind Therapy, 2025; Washington Post, 2025). These mental habits form automatically and become harder to suppress over time (Colvin et al., 2021). 3. Procrastinating Chores Putting off planning or chores till Sunday night increases stress hormones and compounds anxiety. Doing everything last-minute reinforces negative weekend associations, rather than enabling a restful close to the weekend (IOL, 2025; BetterHelp, 2025). 4. Skipping Self-Care & Physical Movement Avoiding light exercise or self-care rituals hampers mood and stress relief. Even a short walk—10 minutes—can significantly lower stress levels (Wikipedia, 2025). — 5. Excessive Screen Time Late-night screen use—binge-watching or endless social scrolling—disrupts cortisol and melatonin rhythms, making sleep elusive and Anxiety more likely (Education Psychology sources). Disrupted sleep patterns on Sunday night create a vicious cycle of fatigue and dread (NIH sources). 6. Ignoring Routine Ditching your usual week-night sleep schedule (“social jetlag”) until Sunday night makes Monday mornings feel worse (Times of India, 2025). Returning to routine abruptly adds stress, rather than letting you transition gently into the week. What To Do Instead: Smart Sunday Replacements References BetterHelp (2025) Sunday Depression: What Is Sunday Blues And Its Mental Health Impact? BetterHelp.com. Available at:  . Colvin, E., Gardner, B., Labelle, P.R. & Santor, D. (2021) ‘The automaticity of positive and negative thinking: A scoping review of mental habits’, Cognitive Therapy and Research.  IOL (2025) ‘The Sunday Scaries: why you’re dreading Monday and how to break the cycle’. IOL, 17 June.  NY Post (2025) ‘Experts reveal morning habits you should avoid if you sleep bad’. New York Post, 18 July.  State of Mind Therapy (2025) ‘6 Sunday Scaries habits you need to break (And what to do instead)’.  The Daily Beast (2025) ‘Why Doctors Say Doomscrolling Is “Terrible” For Your Skin’.  Verywell Health (2025) ‘7 Stress-Relief Techniques That May Be Backfiring’.  Wikipedia contributors (2025) ‘Sunday scaries’. Wikipedia, last updated March 2025.  Wikipedia contributors (2025) ‘Psychological stress’. Wikipedia, updated July 2025. 

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 25/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Financial stress is one of the most common reasons individuals seek mental health support. Psychologists now emphasise financial self-care—practices that improve both financial stability and emotional wellbeing. Here’s expert advice from psychological research on how to save wisely and support your mental health. Keywords: psychologist money saving tips, saving money mental health, financial self-care, financial therapy, emotional spending coping, budgeting for wellbeing, gratitude money habits, building savings mental health, money stress strategies 1. Recognise Your Money Emotions Financial therapy research highlights that money beliefs—often shaped in childhood—drive spending habits and stress responses (Richmond, 2024; Richardson, 2021). Psychology Today recommends exploring your emotional triggers and money scripts (e.g. “money avoider” or “spender”) to foster a more balanced relationship with money (Psychology Today, 2023). 2. Practice Regular Saving for Mental Resilience Consistent saving—even small amounts—supports mental health. A 22‑year study of over 20,000 Australians showed that saving regularly and paying credit card bills on time caused measurable wellbeing improvements, independently of income level (StudyFinds, 2025; UniSA, 2025). One‑increasing savings rate by just 1% correlated with better life satisfaction and reduced anxiety** , and UniSA research found that this pattern positively affected vitality and social functioning across demographics ** . 3. Budget with Purpose and Support Experts suggest using tools like the 50‑30‑20 rule to categorise spending, saving, and fun money. The approach helps clarify wants vs needs and anchor spending habits to personal goals (Time, 2024). Budgeting collaboratively—with a partner or financial coach—enhances accountability and emotional support, buffering financial stress ** **. 4. Build a Safety Net Even minimal savings—such as to cover rent or bills—reduce chronic stress. Mental Health & Money Advice reports that having any emergency fund fosters financial security and prevents distress (Money Advice, 2024) ** **. 5. Use Simple, Sustainable Habits Financial therapists emphasise that saving goals should be realistic. Avoid overwhelming plans. Instead, track expenses for 5–10 minutes daily and set small, manageable targets. This approach helps combat avoidance and shame, and enables progress ** **. 6. Practice Gratitude for Security & Goals Psychology links gratitude to mental wellbeing improvements (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). Reflecting on money as a tool—not a goal—helps cultivate gratitude while supporting financial responsibility and security ** **. 7. Seek Professional and Social Help Psychologists recommend combining financial planning and therapy. Financial therapy helps unravel emotional spending, reframe beliefs, and build financial competence ** **. Social support also plays a key role—talking with trusted individuals can buffer financial stress and provide practical assistance ** **. Practical Money Habits Table Habit Mental Health Benefit Track income & expenses Increases awareness, control, reduces anxiety ** ** Automate savings Encourages consistent saving, reduces stress ** ** Avoid impulsive spending Less regret and shame; better emotional balance ** ** Set realistic financial goals Builds momentum and self-efficacy ** ** Reflect on money meaning Helps align finances with values, reduce internal conflict ** ** Use financial therapy when needed Improves both money habits and mental health ** ** References Emmons, R.A. & McCullough, M.E. (2003) ‘Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation…’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), pp.377–389. Psychology Today (2023) ‘The Psychology in Spending and Saving’. Available at: [Psychology Today] ** **. Richardson, T. (2021) The psychology of the relationship between money and mental health problems. ResearchGate ** **. StudyFinds (2025) ‘Money management is actually preventive mental health care’ ** **. UniSA (2025) ‘How good money habits make cents for mental health’. University of South Australia ** **. Psychology Today (2024) 6 Ways to Reduce Financial Anxiety to Boost Mental Health ** **. Time (2024) ‘How to Reset Your Thinking Around Spending Money’ ** **. mental Health & Money Advice (2024) ‘The impact of savings on mental health’ ** **. Mind Help (2024) ‘Money And Mental Health: 7 Tips To Reduce Financial Stress’ ** **. Mind (2025) ‘The link between money and mental health’ ** **. Beyond Blue (n.d.) ‘Financial wellbeing and mental health are linked’ ** **. Psychology.org.au (2023) ‘Unravelling the psychological impact of financial stress’ ** **.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 25/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Behaviour support under the NDIS is a special therapeutic service designed to understand and reduce behaviours of concern—actions that can cause harm or restrict a person’s access to meaningful life activities. This article delves into what behaviour support entails, who it benefits, how it’s delivered, and why it matters for mental health and quality of life. Keywords: NDIS behaviour support, positive behaviour support NDIS, behaviour support plan NDIS, restrictive practices guidelines, NDIS behaviour assessment, psychosocial disability support, functional behaviour assessment, NDIS PBS practitioner, therapeutic behaviour strategies, behaviour support mental health 1. Defining Behaviour Support The NDIS describes behaviour support as therapeutic assistance provided by qualified practitioners to understand why certain behaviours occur and to help participants and their support networks improve quality of life, reduce challenging behaviours, and build capacity (NDIS, 2025a). This often involves Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) strategies tailored to an individual’s needs (NDIS, 2025a; Together Care, 2025). Behaviour support practitioners use evidence-informed practice aligned with NDIS legislation, including the Restrictive Practices and Behaviour Support Rules (NDIS Commission, 2025). 2. Functional Behaviour Assessment (FBA) The first step in behaviour support is a Functional Behaviour Assessment. Practitioners gather information from participants, families, carers, and professionals to identify: The FBA is essential for developing tailored strategies that respect individual context including culture, abilities, goals, and environmental factors (Insight PBS, 2025). 3. Behaviour Support Plans There are two types of plans: a) Interim Behaviour Support Plan A short-term plan used when urgent strategies or regulated restrictive practices are needed, typically within one month of crisis (NDIS Commission, 2025). b) Comprehensive Behaviour Support Plan Developed within six months of assessment. This plan includes: 4. Regulated Restrictive Practices NDIS policy emphasises avoiding restrictive practices unless absolutely necessary and legally authorised. These include: The 2024 audit found over 80% of behaviour plans lacked consultation; NDIS is using AI-assisted training to address this and improve quality (Guardian, 2024). 5. Who Needs Behaviour Support? This support benefits individuals of all ages who engage in behaviours that: Individuals with autism, intellectual disability, psychosocial disability, or acquired brain injury can greatly benefit from tailored behaviour support (Together Care, 2025). 6. Implementation & Outcomes Behaviour support is delivered by registered, suitably qualified practitioners. They collaborate with the participant’s support network—including families, carers, and mainstream service providers (Insight PBS, 2025; NDIS Commission, 2025). Regular monitoring, review, and adaptation of plans ensure strategies remain effective and respectful of participant dignity and rights (NDIS Commission, 2025). 7. Mental Health and Wellbeing Benefits Well-designed behaviour support plans offer substantial mental health benefits: Behaviour support is recognized as a critical component of psychosocial disability recovery and recovery-oriented care under the NDIS (Mind Australia review, 2013; NDIS Commission, 2025). References Early Intervention Evidence Report (2016) Effective, evidence‑based psychosocial interventions suitable for early intervention in the NDIS. University of Melbourne. Guardian (2024) ‘Experts hope AI tool can cut use of restraints and seclusion on NDIS participants’. The Guardian, 4 May. Insight PBS (2025) ‘Behaviour Support – The Definitive NDIS Guide’, Insight PBS, 9 April. Available at: https… Keocare (2025) Countdown to Change: Behaviour Support in 2025. Keocare. Mind Australia (2013) Mental health and the NDIS: A literature review. University of Melbourne. NDIS (2025a) Our Guideline: Behaviour support. NDIS. NDIS Commission (2025) Behaviour support and restrictive practices rules. NDIS Quality & Safeguards Commission. Together Care (2025) ‘What is Behaviour Support under the NDIS?’, Together Care Australia, 30 June.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 23/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Dating apps have revolutionised how people meet, yet growing research raises concerns about potential mental health harms, including anxiety, body image issues, addiction-like behaviors, and online harassment. So, are dating apps really toxic? Keywords: dating apps mental health, dating app toxicity, online dating anxiety, swipe addiction, dating apps body image, hormonal effects dating apps, cyberbullying dating platforms, boy sober trend, safe dating app use, digital dating mental health 1. Body Image & Self-esteem Struggles A 2025 systematic review of 45 studies concluded that 85% of dating-app research reported significant negative impacts on body image, with almost 49% linking them to poor mental health (Bowman et al., 2025). Especially among young adults, use of dating apps has been associated with disordered eating, low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety (Bowman et al., 2025; Bowman & Drummond, 2025). 2. Psychological Distress & Addiction-like Patterns Swipe-based dating apps (e.g., Tinder) share characteristics with social media addiction—with some users showing high anxiety, depression, and lower self-esteem compared to non-users (Sumter et al., 2020). A newer 2024 study found that excessive dating-app use is bidirectionally linked to diminished mental health (Zhong & Huang, 2024; Sumter et al., 2020). 3. Hormonal Rollercoaster & Dopamine Spikes Research from eHarmony and Imperial College London demonstrated that dating apps trigger dopamine-fueled anticipation, similar to gambling. Users experienced hormonal surges (in dopamine, cortisol, testosterone) during matches and steep drops after rejection—contributing to chronic stress, mood swings, and reduced libido (New York Post, 2025). 4. Toxic Beauty Standards & Social Comparison Dating apps emphasise appearance over personality, fostering toxic beauty ideals and excessive social comparison. This perpetuates anxiety, low self-worth, and disordered eating, particularly in younger users (Bowman et al., 2025; NABHS, 2025). The algorithms can reinforce upward social comparison, triggering depression and reduced life satisfaction (Woods & Scott, 2016; Bowman et al., 2025). 5. Online Harassment & Privacy Risks Younger users under 18 may experience higher levels of cyberbullying, sexual harassment, or grooming on dating platforms, which are linked to anxiety, depression, and trauma (Lahtinen et al., 2023). Meanwhile, moderation workers—such as those for Grindr and Bumble—report PTSD and chronic distress from continual exposure to explicit content and abuse (Wired, 2023). Users also face security threats: data leaks, fake profiles, and scams are well-documented, exacerbating mistrust and emotional harm (Farnden, Martini & Choo, 2015; Wikipedia, 2024). 6. “Boy Sober” & Dating Fatigue A growing #BoySober movement on TikTok involves users rejecting dating apps altogether, citing normalised harassment, emotional exhaustion, and toxic experiences (The Guardian, 2024). Surveys in Sydney found many users feel mentally “burned out” by awkward matches, ghosting, and superficial interaction (Daily Telegraph, 2024). Balancing the Scale: Are There Benefits? Some users report positive outcomes: increased confidence, successful long-term relationships, and exposure to broader social networks. However, the mental health cost—especially unaddressed anxiety, body-image issues, and harassment—suggests that apps have become psychologically “toxic” for many (Psychology Today, 2018; Verywell Mind, 2024). 🧠 Tips for Safer Dating App Use Strategy Practical Tip Limit Usage Set time limits or scheduled use to avoid overuse and mood disturbance. Prioritise Authenticity Use unfiltered photos and honest profiles to reduce comparison stress. Self-Care After Swipes Practice grounding or journaling after engaging with apps. Report or Block Abuse Utilize app features protecting users from harassment. Explore Alternatives Try social groups, therapy, or community events for organic connection. Conclusion Dating apps offer opportunity—but at high psychological cost for many users. Evidence increasingly shows negative impacts on self-esteem, mental wellbeing, hormonal balance, and safety. While they work well for some, it’s important to recognise potential toxicity, use apps mindfully, and explore alternative ways to build connection. References Bowman, Z., Drummond, M., Church, J., Kay, J. & Petersen, J. (2025) ‘Dating apps and their relationship with body image, mental health and wellbeing: a systematic review’, Computers in Human Behavior, 165, 108515. Bowman, Z.J. & Drummond, M. (2025) ‘Dating apps and body image risks’, Flinders University News, 9 January. Farnden, J., Martini, B. & Choo, K.-R. (2015) ‘Privacy Risks in Mobile Dating Apps’, arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.02906. Lahtinen, E. et al. (2023) ‘Adolescent Use of Dating Apps and Online Victimization’, Behavioral Sciences, 13(11), 903. NABHS (2025) ‘Toxic beauty standards and dating apps: how it impacts our mental health’, NABHS.org. New York Post (2025) ‘Dating apps mess with your hormones – and can even send libido levels plunging: study’, New York Post, 9 April. Psychology Today (2018) ‘Are Dating Apps Damaging Our Mental Health?’. Sumter, S.R., Vandenbosch, L. & Ligtenberg, L. (2020) ‘Swipe-based dating applications use and psychological distress’, BMC Psychology, 8, 37. Vogels, E. & McClain, C. (2023) ‘Key findings about online dating in the U.S.’ Pew Research Center. Wired (2023) ‘Bumble, Grindr, and Hinge moderators struggle to keep users—and themselves—safe’, Wired. Woods, H. & Scott, H. (2016) ‘Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence…’, Journal of Adolescence, 51, pp. 85–90. Wikipedia (2024) ‘Dating app’, Wikipedia, retrieved July 2025.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 22/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Sweeping reforms to the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) are expected to result in the reduction or removal of several programs in 2025. These changes are part of a broader cost-saving strategy aimed at limiting annual expenditure growth to 8% (NDIS, 2025a). However, many participants, especially those with psychosocial disabilities and mental health conditions, may be disproportionately affected. Keywords: NDIS cuts 2025, NDIS mental health programs axed, psychosocial supports reduced, NDIS allied health changes, NDIS pricing review, travel funding NDIS 2025, core funding vs capacity building, mental health therapy NDIS, art therapy NDIS cancelled, rural access NDIS. 1. Cuts to Allied Health Services From 1 July 2025, the NDIS will remove flexibility in funding allied health supports from Core budgets, requiring them to be paid from the Capacity Building category instead. This change affects services such as psychology, occupational therapy, and speech pathology (Keocare, 2025). Simultaneously, travel reimbursements for allied health providers have been cut by 50%, resulting in reduced service availability in regional and remote communities (OTA, 2025). These reductions may lead to increased service gaps, especially for participants requiring in-home mental health therapy. 2. Art and Music Therapy Devalued The 2025–26 NDIS Pricing Arrangements significantly reduce the hourly rate for individual art and music therapy to $68 unless functionality evidence is provided. This move has been described as undermining the therapeutic benefits of creative modalities, particularly for participants with psychosocial disabilities and neurodivergence (Dempsey, 2025; NDIA, 2025). 3. Shift from Core to Capacity Building The shift of funding for allied health supports from the Core budget to the Capacity Building category is intended to clarify pricing structures and reduce misuse. However, this creates confusion and limitations for participants who previously used their Core funds flexibly for essential therapies (Keocare, 2025). The change is also expected to increase the administrative burden on support coordinators and plan managers. 4. Reduced Travel Funding and Rural Impacts Rural and remote participants are facing greater challenges due to travel funding reductions. Allied health providers are reducing outreach services, with some ceasing regional operations entirely due to unviable reimbursement levels (Martin-Cole, 2025). This disproportionately affects individuals with mobility or transport barriers, including many with complex mental health needs. 5. Psychosocial Supports Likely to Be Downgraded The Federal Government has outlined a strategy to divert up to 27,000 potential future participants with psychosocial disabilities to other programs, potentially limiting their access to individualised support under the NDIS (ABC News, 2023). Mental Health Australia (2025) warns that this will leave many without appropriate care, particularly those with dual diagnoses or fluctuating capacity. Wider Implications for Mental Health These program cuts raise serious concerns for continuity of care and equitable access to mental health services under the NDIS. For individuals relying on regular therapeutic input—such as psychological counselling, behavioural support, or community engagement—the 2025 reforms could result in reduced frequency or complete service withdrawal. Providers have also reported increased financial strain and burnout, with over 80% of allied health professionals citing unsustainable conditions under the revised pricing model (Nacre, 2025). What Participants Can Do References ABC News (2023) NDIS future for people with psychosocial disability uncertain as government outlines new reforms. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-28/psychosocial-disability-ndis-future-inclusion/102534200 [Accessed 17 Jul 2025]. Dempsey, R. (2025) ‘Devastating consequences’ as NDIS changes threaten access to art and music therapy. The Daily Telegraph, 15 May. Available at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/devastating-consequences-outrage-as-ndis-changes-threaten-access-to-art-and-music-therapy/news-story/0d156b3df6deb471a160281aac1b63c7 [Accessed 17 Jul 2025]. Keocare (2025) Countdown to Change: Core Funding Flexibility Ends for Allied Health. [online] Available at: https://www.keocare.com.au/countdown-to-change-ndis-core-funding-flexibility-for-allied-health-ends-june-2025/ [Accessed 17 Jul 2025]. Martin-Cole, A. (2025) ‘Rural therapists cancel services amid NDIS travel reimbursement cutbacks’, Psychology Australia, 1 July. Mental Health Australia (2025) NDIS reforms will widen the service gap for people with mental illness, [media release], 12 June. NDIA (2025) 2025–26 NDIS Pricing Arrangements and Price Limits. [online] Available at: https://www.ndis.gov.au [Accessed 17 Jul 2025]. NDIS (2025a) Quarterly Report to Disability Ministers – March 2025. [online] Available at: https://www.ndis.gov.au/news/10718-ndis-quarterly-report-published-march-2025 [Accessed 17 Jul 2025]. Nacre (2025) Allied Health Viability under the NDIS – Sector Report, April 2025. OTA (2025) Joint Statement: NDIS Price Reductions for Allied Health Will Impact Clients and Communities. Occupational Therapy Australia. [online] Available at: https://otaus.com.au/news/allied-health-ndis-price-cuts-joint-public-statement-2025 [Accessed 17 Jul 2025].

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 21/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Happiness is a deeply personal yet scientifically measurable experience. While genetics and life circumstances do play a role, research from psychology and wellbeing sciences shows that most of our long-term happiness depends on lifestyle choices, relationships, and mindset (Lyubomirsky, Sheldon and Schkade, 2005). In this article, we explore the top scientifically validated drivers of happiness to help you live a more satisfying, meaningful life. Keywords: drivers of happiness, what makes people happy, causes of happiness, positive psychology, science of happiness, gratitude and wellbeing, how to be happier, happiness and relationships, mental health and lifestyle, nature and happiness, blue space psychology. 1. Meaningful Social Relationships Social connection is consistently cited as the strongest predictor of happiness and life satisfaction. The World Happiness Report 2023 found that individuals with strong, trusting relationships reported higher wellbeing than those with more wealth or education (Helliwell et al., 2023). Longitudinal data from the Harvard Study of Adult Development also confirmed that the quality of relationships—not quantity—is the single biggest contributor to long-term physical and mental health (Waldinger and Schulz, 2023). Seligman’s (2011) PERMA model places “Positive Relationships” as one of the five foundational elements of flourishing. 2. Purpose and Accomplishment A sense of meaning and progress in life significantly contributes to happiness. According to Seligman (2011), “Meaning” and “Accomplishment” are essential to wellbeing. Individuals who pursue goals aligned with intrinsic values—such as personal growth, contribution, and curiosity—experience greater satisfaction than those focused on external rewards (Deci and Ryan, 2000). Research also shows that setting and working toward meaningful goals enhances motivation, resilience, and life satisfaction (Emmons, 2003). 3. Physical Health and Lifestyle Habits There is a strong link between physical wellbeing and emotional health. Regular physical activity improves mood by increasing the brain’s production of dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins (Ratey, 2008). Sleep also plays a critical role—poor sleep quality is associated with reduced positive affect and increased emotional instability (Walker, 2017). Nutrition matters too. A diet high in fruit, vegetables, and protein-rich foods is linked with lower rates of depression and greater psychological wellbeing (Jacka et al., 2010). 4. Exposure to Nature and “Blue Spaces” Spending time in nature helps reduce stress, increase calmness, and promote mindfulness. Green spaces improve attention and emotional regulation (Bratman et al., 2015), while “blue spaces”—oceans, lakes, rivers—are increasingly recognised for their role in emotional restoration and social connection (Völker and Kistemann, 2011). According to White et al. (2020), people who spent at least two hours per week in nature reported significantly higher levels of wellbeing and health than those who did not. 5. Positive Emotions and Gratitude Positive emotions such as joy, interest, and gratitude act as psychological “nutrients” that build resilience and broaden our capacity for problem-solving and social connection (Fredrickson, 2001). Practising gratitude—such as keeping a daily gratitude journal—has been linked with increased optimism, better sleep, and improved immune function (Emmons and McCullough, 2003). Mindfulness-based interventions, which enhance emotional awareness and reduce reactivity, also show strong positive effects on happiness and mental health (Kabat-Zinn, 2003). 6. Altruism and Acts of Kindness Helping others, whether through volunteering or small daily acts of kindness, boosts mood and creates a sense of connection and purpose. A systematic review by Post (2005) found that people who regularly engage in altruistic behaviour experience greater happiness and lower depression rates. The World Happiness Report also found that generosity—whether measured by charitable donations or time given—was strongly linked with life satisfaction (Helliwell et al., 2023). 7. Resilience and Growth Mindset Psychological resilience—the ability to recover from adversity—is critical for sustaining happiness. Research by Lyubomirsky, Sheldon and Schkade (2005) suggests that up to 40% of our happiness is shaped by intentional activity and mindset. Developing a “growth mindset,” where challenges are viewed as opportunities for learning, leads to greater motivation and psychological wellbeing (Dweck, 2006). Mindfulness, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and journaling are all evidence-based tools for cultivating emotional resilience (Kabat-Zinn, 2003). Conclusion Happiness is not a fixed trait, but a dynamic state influenced by behaviour, cognition, and environment. Key drivers include meaningful social connections, a sense of purpose, physical wellbeing, nature exposure, gratitude, kindness, and resilience. By intentionally nurturing these areas, individuals can take control of their wellbeing and move toward a more fulfilling life. References Bratman, G.N., Daily, G.C., Levy, B.J. and Gross, J.J. (2015) ‘The benefits of nature experience: Improved affect and cognition’, Landscape and Urban Planning, 138, pp. 41–50. Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M. (2000) ‘The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior’, Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), pp. 227–268. Dweck, C.S. (2006) Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. New York: Random House. Emmons, R.A. (2003) ‘Personal goals, life meaning, and virtue: Wellsprings of a positive life’, in Keyes, C.L.M. and Haidt, J. (eds.) Flourishing: Positive Psychology and the Life Well-Lived. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 105–128. Emmons, R.A. and McCullough, M.E. (2003) ‘Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), pp. 377–389. Fredrickson, B.L. (2001) ‘The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions’, American Psychologist, 56(3), pp. 218–226. Helliwell, J.F., Layard, R., Sachs, J.D. and De Neve, J.E. (2023) World Happiness Report 2023. New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Jacka, F.N., Pasco, J.A., Mykletun, A., Williams, L.J., Hodge, A.M., O’Reilly, S.L., Nicholson, G.C., Kotowicz, M.A. and Berk, M. (2010) ‘Association of Western and traditional diets with depression and anxiety in women’, American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(3), pp. 305–311. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003) ‘Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future’, Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), pp. 144–156. Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K.M. and Schkade, D. (2005) ‘Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change’, Review of General Psychology, 9(2), pp.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 19/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. What you cook can do more than satisfy hunger—it can nourish your mind. Scientific research shows that some everyday ingredients can support brain function, improve mood, reduce anxiety, and enhance cognitive clarity. Here are some chef-recommended, science-backed ingredients to add to your mental health pantry. Keywords: mental health nutrition, cooking for brain health, omega-3 mental health, turmeric depression anxiety, brain-boosting foods, nutrients for mood, gut-brain cooking, heart–brain diet, healthy brain recipes, superfoods for mental health 1. Fatty Fish (Salmon, Sardines, Mackerel) These oily fish are rich sources of omega‑3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. Research links omega‑3s to reduced inflammation, improved neurotransmission, and protection against depression and anxiety (Kiecolt‑Glaser et al., 2017; Harvard Health, 2018; Neurolaunch, 2025). Longitudinal studies also show they support cognitive function and reduce age-related decline (Verywell Health, 2025). Start by adding fatty fish 2–3 times/week. 2. Turmeric (Curcumin) Curcumin, the bright compound in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects linked to reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety. A growing body of clinical trials indicates curcumin may be an effective adjunct to conventional treatments (Psych Central, 2023; Healthline, 2017; Frontiers, 2020). 3. Berries & Colorful Fruits Fruits like blueberries, strawberries, and citrus fruits contain antioxidants and flavonoids that protect neurons, improve blood flow, and enhance memory (Verywell Health, 2025; Oxford World Happiness Report, 2025). 4. Leafy Greens & Cruciferous Veggies Vegetables such as spinach, kale, broccoli, and cauliflower are packed with folate, vitamins C and K, and sulforaphane—all nutrients associated with reduced cognitive decline and stress resilience (Verywell Health, 2025; EatingWell, 2025). 5. Nuts & Seeds (Walnuts, Flaxseed, Chia) These plant-based sources of ALA omega‑3s offer brain-protective benefits, help regulate mood, and support focus. Flaxseed also provides lignans that support gut and mental health. 6. Fermented Foods & Probiotic-Rich Ingredients While still emerging, research suggests the gut–brain axis plays a key role in mental health, with probiotics and fermented foods helping modulate mood-related neurotransmitters. Incorporate yogurt, kimchi, or kefir into meals. () 7. Whole Grains & Complex Carbs Whole grains—such as oats, brown rice, and quinoa—provide stable energy and support serotonin production, helping manage anxiety and mood dips. () 8. Green Tea & Coffee Moderate consumption of green tea and coffee offers antioxidants and mild caffeine, improving alertness and cognitive performance while supporting neuroprotection and mental stability (Verywell Health, 2025; RealSimple, 2025). 9. Olive Oil (Extra‑Virgin) Rich in monounsaturated fats and polyphenols, extra‑virgin olive oil supports cognitive function and reduces systemic inflammation—factors tied to mental health (RealSimple, 2025). 10. Small Fish (Sardines, Anchovies) These low‑mercury options deliver high-quality omega‑3s, calcium, selenium, and protein—nutrients linked to mood regulation, brain function, longevity, and mental resilience (Food & Wine, 2025; Seafood Nutrition Partnership, 2020). Practical Cooking Tips for Mental Health References Emmons, R.A. and McCullough, M.E. (2003) ‘Counting blessings versus burdens…’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), pp. 377–389. Frontiers (2020) ‘Curcumin in Depression…’, Frontiers in Psychiatry, article. Harvard Health (2018) ‘Omega‑3 fatty acids for mood disorders.’ Harvard Health Blog. Kiecolt‑Glaser, J.K. et al. (2017) ‘Nutrition, neuro‑inflammation and mental health.’ ScienceDirect. Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K.M. and Schkade, D. (2005) ‘Pursuing happiness…’, Review of General Psychology, 9(2), pp. 111–131. Neurolaunch (2025) ‘Omega‑3 fatty acids and mental health.’ NeuroLaunch, 16 Feb. Psych Central (2023) ‘Turmeric for Depression…’, Psych Central. Verywell Health (2025) ‘Brain‑Boosting Foods…’ Verywell Health. Walker, M.P. (2017) Why We Sleep…. New York: Penguin. Waldinger, R.J. and Schulz, M.S. (2023) The Good Life…, New York: Simon & Schuster.