Author name: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team

 Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 16/09/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Introduction Marriage has traditionally been seen as both a romantic and an economic partnership. In modern societies, the question of marrying for money remains controversial. While financial stability is a valid consideration in choosing a life partner, research shows that marriages primarily motivated by money can face unique psychological and relational challenges (Amato, 2010). This article examines the psychology of marrying for money, cultural perspectives, mental health impacts, and strategies for building healthier, more balanced relationships. 1. Historical and cultural perspectives Marriage as an economic arrangement Historically, marriage was often based on property, inheritance, and family alliances rather than love (Coontz, 2005). In many cultures, financial and social status remain highly influential in marital choices. Modern attitudes In Western societies, romantic love is the dominant reason for marriage, but financial considerations continue to play an important role. Surveys show that financial stability is a top predictor of marital satisfaction (Dew, 2009). Cross-cultural differences 2. Psychological motivations for marrying for money Research suggests several drivers behind financially motivated marriages: 3. Relationship outcomes of financially motivated marriages Satisfaction and stability Financial security contributes positively to marital satisfaction, but marriages driven primarily by money may lack emotional intimacy, which is a core predictor of long-term stability (Amato, 2010). Conflict Disagreements about money are one of the strongest predictors of divorce (Dew, 2009). When money is both the foundation and point of conflict, the relationship may become strained. Trust and authenticity Partners who perceive money as the primary motivation for marriage often report lower trust and intimacy, leading to higher relational dissatisfaction (Rick et al., 2011). 4. Mental health implications Anxiety and stress Financial dependence may produce power imbalances, leading to anxiety and feelings of entrapment (Falconier & Jackson, 2020). Self-esteem and autonomy Those who marry for money may experience lower self-esteem if they feel valued only for financial reasons. Conversely, wealthier partners may worry about being exploited. Risk of abuse and control Economic dependence is a risk factor in coercive control and domestic abuse, where financial resources are used to limit autonomy (Postmus et al., 2012). 5. Healthy approaches to money in relationships FAQs Q: Is it wrong to marry for money?Not necessarily. Financial stability is an important factor in marriage, but when money is the primary motivation, research shows it may harm intimacy and trust (Rick et al., 2011). Q: Can money buy happiness in marriage?Money reduces financial stress, but long-term happiness depends more on emotional intimacy and shared values (Amato, 2010). Q: Do financially motivated marriages last?Some do, but research shows that money conflicts predict divorce, especially when emotional closeness is lacking (Dew, 2009). Q: How can couples prevent money from harming their relationship?By practising financial transparency, shared decision-making, and prioritising emotional connection (Archuleta, 2013). References

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 15/09/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Forest bathing, or Shinrin-yoku, is a therapeutic practice originating in Japan that encourages mindful immersion in forest environments. Unlike hiking or exercise, it focuses on slow, sensory engagement with nature. Since its introduction by Japan’s Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 1982, Shinrin-yoku has been widely studied for its stress-reducing and mood-enhancing effects (Park et al., 2010). This article explores the scientific foundations of forest bathing, its psychological and physiological benefits, and practical steps for incorporating this evidence-based nature therapy into daily life. 1. What is Forest Bathing? Forest bathing involves mindful walking, deep breathing, and sensory awareness in forest settings. Key components include: Unlike vigorous outdoor activities, Shinrin-yoku emphasises relaxation and presence, allowing participants to absorb the healing atmosphere of trees and plants. 2. Psychological and physiological mechanisms a) Stress hormone reduction Studies show forest bathing significantly lowers cortisol levels, blood pressure, and heart rate compared to urban walks (Park et al., 2010). b) Parasympathetic activation Natural environments stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and emotional regulation (Mao et al., 2012). c) Immune system benefits Phytoncides—natural compounds released by trees—may enhance immune cell activity, including natural killer (NK) cells, supporting disease resistance (Li et al., 2008). d) Cognitive restoration The Attention Restoration Theory suggests that natural environments replenish depleted attention and improve focus and creativity (Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989). 3. Mental health benefits Reduced anxiety and depression Clinical studies demonstrate that Shinrin-yoku decreases anxiety, depression, and negative mood states while boosting vitality (Kotera et al., 2021). Enhanced mood and wellbeing Participants report greater feelings of joy, calmness, and connectedness after forest immersion (Song et al., 2016). Support for trauma and burnout Forest therapy programs have been integrated into stress management and trauma recovery, helping reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and workplace burnout (Han et al., 2016). 4. Forest Bathing in Practice Preparing for a session Steps during forest bathing Forest bathing can be practised individually, with a partner, or in guided groups led by trained facilitators. 5. Global adoption and cultural relevance While rooted in Japanese tradition, forest bathing has spread worldwide, including in Australia, Europe, and North America. Many practitioners adapt it to local landscapes—bushland, coastal forests, or urban green spaces—while respecting Indigenous cultural connections to land. 6. Safety and accessibility Forest bathing is generally safe, but it is important to: FAQs Q: What is Shinrin-yoku?It is the Japanese practice of forest bathing—mindful immersion in nature to support health and wellbeing. Q: How does forest bathing help mental health?By lowering cortisol and blood pressure, improving mood, and enhancing immune function. Q: How often should you practise forest bathing?Once or twice a week provides measurable stress-reducing benefits. Q: Can forest bathing help with anxiety and depression?Yes. Clinical research supports its effectiveness in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. References

 Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 15/09/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Introduction Infidelity is one of the most distressing experiences in romantic relationships, often leaving people feeling betrayed, confused, angry, and heartbroken. Research shows that being cheated on can trigger symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and lowered self-esteem (Gordon et al., 2004; Cano & O’Leary, 2000). Recovery is possible, but it requires time, intentional coping strategies, and often professional support. This article provides a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to recovering after infidelity, including the emotional impact, practical steps for coping, and therapeutic strategies to rebuild your sense of self and wellbeing. 1. The psychological impact of infidelity Infidelity can feel like an emotional trauma. Studies have found that those who experience betrayal often show trauma-like responses, including intrusive thoughts, hypervigilance, and difficulty trusting others (Nelson & Wampler, 2000). Common reactions include: 2. First steps after discovering infidelity a) Allow emotional expression Bottling up emotions may prolong healing. Allow yourself to cry, talk, or express anger in safe ways (Bonanno, 2004). b) Lean on support networks Confiding in trusted friends, family, or a therapist can reduce isolation and provide validation (Joseph & Linley, 2005). c) Avoid impulsive decisions Major choices such as ending the relationship or moving out should be delayed until the initial emotional storm subsides (Glass, 2003). 3. Strategies for healing and self-recovery a) Cognitive reframing Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) helps reduce distorted thinking patterns such as excessive self-blame (Beck, 2011). b) Mindfulness practices Mindfulness and meditation reduce rumination and promote emotional regulation (Kabat-Zinn, 2003). c) Journaling and self-reflection Expressive writing supports meaning-making and helps integrate the experience into personal growth (Pennebaker, 1997). d) Self-esteem rebuilding Participating in activities that foster achievement, creativity, or personal goals can restore confidence (Zeigler-Hill, 2011). 4. Deciding whether to stay or leave Some couples choose to rebuild after infidelity, while others separate. Evidence shows that recovery is possible if both partners are committed, but it requires transparency, accountability, and professional support (Atkins et al., 2005). Indicators that rebuilding may be possible: Indicators that leaving may be healthier: 5. Therapeutic interventions 6. Long-term recovery strategies FAQs Q: How long does it take to recover from being cheated on?Recovery varies; it may take months to years. Active coping, therapy, and support systems shorten recovery time (Atkins et al., 2005). Q: Should I forgive someone who cheated?Forgiveness is optional. It may reduce emotional burden but should not excuse harmful behaviours (Hall & Fincham, 2006). Q: Can therapy help after infidelity?Yes. Therapy provides tools for processing trauma, rebuilding trust, and making informed relationship decisions (Johnson, 2005). Q: Why do people cheat?Motivations include unmet emotional needs, opportunity, and relationship dissatisfaction, but cheating is ultimately a choice (Glass, 2003).   References

 Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 14/09/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Introduction The idea of mind control—the ability to dominate or manipulate another person’s thoughts—has fascinated humans for centuries. Popular culture depicts it through science fiction, hypnosis, or sinister cult leaders. While “total control” of another’s mind is a myth, psychology and neuroscience show that thoughts, beliefs, and behaviours can be shaped by influence, persuasion, coercion, and manipulation (Cialdini, 2016; Hassan, 2015). This article explores what “mind control” means in science, separating myth from reality, reviewing methods of influence, and highlighting how coercive tactics affect mental health. 1. Defining mind control In psychology, mind control refers not to supernatural domination, but to systems of influence that alter beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours. These include: Mind control is therefore best understood as a spectrum of psychological influence, from everyday persuasion to extreme coercion. 2. Everyday influence and persuasion Psychological research shows humans are highly susceptible to influence in daily life. These mechanisms, often used in marketing and politics, demonstrate subtle forms of behavioural control without people realising it. 3. Coercive persuasion and brainwashing The term “brainwashing” originated in the 1950s to describe coercive persuasion of prisoners of war. While early claims exaggerated its power, research confirms that cults, abusive partners, and authoritarian groups use systematic psychological control (Lifton, 1961; Hassan, 2015). Key tactics include: These strategies reduce autonomy, impair decision-making, and foster dependency on the manipulator. 4. Hypnosis and suggestibility Hypnosis is a state of focused attention and heightened suggestibility, but it does not mean losing control of one’s mind. Thus, hypnosis is a therapeutic tool, not a form of total mind control. 5. Neurological aspects of influence Neuroscience shows that persuasion and manipulation affect brain regions linked to: These findings reveal that influence exploits normal brain processes, not supernatural abilities. 6. Mental health effects of coercive mind control Exposure to manipulative or coercive influence has severe psychological consequences: Therapy, psychoeducation, and support networks are essential for recovery. 7. Protecting yourself against manipulation Evidence-based strategies to resist undue influence include: FAQs Q: Can someone completely control your mind?No. Psychology shows influence is powerful, but total mind control is a myth. Coercive tactics can strongly affect behaviour, but individuals retain core values and awareness (Oakley & Halligan, 2013). Q: What is brainwashing?Brainwashing refers to coercive persuasion tactics like isolation, gaslighting, and fear, often seen in cults and abusive relationships (Lifton, 1961). Q: Is hypnosis mind control?No. Hypnosis increases suggestibility but does not override personal values. It is mainly used for therapeutic purposes (Montgomery et al., 2010). Q: How can I protect myself from manipulation?By strengthening critical thinking, social support, and awareness of persuasion tactics, you can reduce susceptibility to undue influence (Cialdini, 2016). References

 Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 13/09/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Introduction Success is rarely a straight path. Obstacles, setbacks, and failures are natural parts of growth. Yet some individuals consistently avoid responsibility for their shortcomings by making excuses or blaming others. While these behaviours may offer temporary comfort, research in psychology suggests they can undermine long-term wellbeing, relationships, and achievement (Weiner, 1985; Peterson et al., 1993). This article examines the psychology of excuse-making and blame-shifting, the mental health risks involved, and evidence-based strategies to build accountability and resilience. 1. The psychology of excuses An excuse is a self-protective explanation used to justify failure or poor performance, often attributing setbacks to external, uncontrollable factors (Snyder & Higgins, 1988). 2. Blame-shifting: Why people externalise responsibility Blame-shifting is the act of directing fault away from oneself and onto others. Research suggests this occurs when people experience ego threats or fear of losing status (Tesser, 2000). 3. Learned helplessness and lack of success Persistent excuse-making and blame may lead to learned helplessness—a state where individuals believe they have no control over outcomes, even when opportunities to change exist (Seligman, 1975). 4. Mental health consequences of chronic excuse-making While excuses may reduce short-term stress, they are associated with long-term psychological costs: 5. Strategies to move from excuses to accountability a) Cultivate a growth mindset Carol Dweck’s research shows that people who believe abilities can improve with effort are more resilient and less likely to make excuses (Dweck, 2006). b) Practise self-reflection Journaling and therapy help individuals identify patterns of blame and avoidance. c) Use cognitive-behavioural techniques CBT encourages people to challenge distorted thoughts and take responsibility for behaviours (Beck, 2011). d) Foster accountability systems e) Focus on controllable factors Research in attribution theory shows that emphasising controllable causes (e.g., effort, strategy) enhances motivation and success (Weiner, 1985). 6. How to deal with people who constantly blame others FAQs Q: Why do people make excuses instead of admitting mistakes?Because excuses protect self-esteem and reduce guilt, even though they hinder long-term growth (Snyder & Higgins, 1988). Q: What is the psychology of blaming others?Blaming others often reflects self-serving bias, ego defence, or narcissism (Stucke, 2003; Shaver, 1985). Q: How can I stop making excuses?By developing a growth mindset, focusing on controllable factors, and practising self-reflection (Dweck, 2006; Weiner, 1985). Q: What happens if someone always blames others?Chronic blame damages relationships, reduces resilience, and increases risk of anxiety and depression (Aldao et al., 2010). References

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 12/09/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Key takeaways Introduction: Why this question is tricky (and why words matter) “Asian” spans more than half the world’s population—East, South, Southeast, and West Asia—plus global diasporas. In English-speaking countries, the label often compresses very different histories, languages, schooling systems, migration patterns, and socioeconomic realities. So the real question is not “Are Asians innately better at maths?” but “Why do some Asian-majority school systems and some Asian diaspora groups on average score higher on certain maths measures—and what can all children learn from that?” (Nisbett et al., 2012). What the international tests actually show Large-scale assessments (e.g., PISA for 15-year-olds; TIMSS for Years 4/8) consistently place Singapore, Japan, Korea, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong and Macao near the top in mathematics. In PISA 2022, these economies were among the highest performers despite pandemic disruptions; similar patterns appear in TIMSS 2019 at Grades 4 and 8. These are system-level outcomes, not biological facts about peoples (OECD, 2023; Mullis et al., 2020). (OECD, 2023; Mullis et al., 2020).  Important caveat: High national averages do not mean every student or subgroup excels. Within each country there are wide distributions and equity gaps; across diasporas there is substantial within-“Asian” variation by origin, class, language, immigration wave, and neighborhood schools (NCES, 2017).  Why these outcomes emerge: Four evidence-based explanations 1) Instructional design and classroom culture Comparative classroom studies show lesson structure differs across countries. The TIMSS Video Study documented that Japanese lessons, for example, spend more time on problem solving, concept development and whole-class discussion, whereas U.S. lessons (historically) emphasised procedures and seatwork—differences linked to deeper conceptual understanding (Stigler & Hiebert, 1999). (Stigler & Hiebert, 1999).  2) Curriculum coherence and time on mathematics High-performing systems tend to have focused, coherent curricula, strong teacher subject knowledge and supportive professional development, which compound advantages over time (Mullis et al., 2020; Stigler & Hiebert, 1999).  3) The “shadow education” ecosystem Across much of East Asia, students commonly attend fee-paying after-school tutoring and cram schools that closely track the public curriculum (“shadow education”). This adds hours of deliberate practice and targeted feedback beyond regular class time (Bray, 2009; Bray, 2018).  4) Values, expectations, and effort norms Research on Asian American students indicates that higher effort, parental expectations, and achievement norms—not higher measured cognitive ability—explain much of their academic advantage in U.S. contexts (Hsin & Xie, 2014). Some scholars describe the role of Confucian-heritage values (long-term orientation, respect for teachers, persistence) in East Asian schooling cultures (Seah & Wang, 2024). (Hsin & Xie, 2014; Seah & Wang, 2024).  Why “Asians” are not a monolith: the case for disaggregating data In countries like the U.S., “Asian” includes groups with very different average outcomes (e.g., Indian, Chinese and Korean vs. Hmong, Cambodian, Laotian, some Pacific Islander groups). The NCES recommends disaggregated reporting so educators can target support where it’s needed; otherwise, lower-resourced subgroups can be masked by a high overall average (NCES, 2017). (NCES, 2017).  What about biology or “innate ability”? Mainstream psychological consensus is that group performance differences on tests are best explained by environment, opportunity, culture, selection, and instruction—not by claims of inherent group superiority. A widely cited review notes few, if any, robust genetic polymorphisms reliably explain normal-range IQ differences, and educational and social environments meaningfully shift achievement (Nisbett et al., 2012). In short: The high scores we see are malleable outcomes produced by systems and contexts—not fixed traits of peoples. Achievement and mental health: the double-edged sword High-performing systems and high-expectation families can generate pressure. Math anxiety has a robust, negative association with performance across countries; formative assessment and supportive classrooms reduce anxiety (OECD, 2017; Foley et al., 2017). For some Asian diaspora students, the model-minority stereotype adds stigma around help-seeking and can worsen distress—an important consideration for schools and clinicians (Lee & Zhou, 2015; review papers 2019–2024). (OECD, 2017; Foley et al., 2017; Lee & Zhou, 2015).  Practical takeaways for parents, teachers and counsellors (evidence-based) FAQs Q: Do Asians have a natural advantage in maths?No evidence supports a biological superiority claim. Differences are largely explained by teaching practices, curriculum, effort norms, tutoring ecosystems, and immigrant selection, not innate ability (Nisbett et al., 2012; Hsin & Xie, 2014).  Q: Why do East Asian countries top maths rankings like PISA/TIMSS?They combine coherent curricula, strong teacher content knowledge, problem-solving lessons and substantial extra practice (OECD, 2023; Mullis et al., 2020; Stigler & Hiebert, 1999).  Q: Are all Asian groups high-achieving?No. Aggregation hides big subgroup differences; data should be disaggregated to identify needs (NCES, 2017).  Q: How does math anxiety fit in?Math anxiety reduces performance across countries; formative assessment and supportive climates help (OECD, 2017; Foley et al., 2017).  References Bottom line On average, some Asian-majority systems and some Asian diaspora groups do very well in maths, but not because of inherent biological superiority. The drivers are instruction, curriculum, expectations, time on task and ecosystems around schools—all things we can learn from and adopt without stereotyping. If your child is struggling, focus on supportive teaching, conceptual practice and anxiety reduction—the same levers that help high-performing systems succeed.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 11/09/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Introduction Sport is not only good for children’s physical fitness—it plays a critical role in their mental health and emotional development. Regular participation in sport is linked to lower rates of anxiety and depression, higher self-esteem, better social skills, and improved emotional regulation (Eime et al., 2013; Biddle et al., 2019). But which sports are best for children’s mental health? Research suggests that both team-based and individual sports can offer unique benefits, depending on the child’s personality, needs, and social context. This article explores the best sports for your child’s mental health, what the research says, and how parents can encourage healthy participation. 1. Why sport supports mental health in children Psychological benefits of sport Biological mechanisms Exercise increases endorphins, serotonin, dopamine, and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), all of which support mood regulation and brain health (Hillman et al., 2008). 2. Best sports for children’s mental health a) Team sports (e.g., soccer, basketball, netball, hockey) Team sports consistently show the strongest protective effects for mental health. Best for: Children who benefit from structure, social interaction, and belonging. b) Martial arts (e.g., judo, karate, taekwondo) Martial arts combine physical exercise with discipline, mindfulness, and self-control. Best for: Children who struggle with self-control, attention, or anxiety. c) Swimming Swimming has unique benefits as both an individual and group activity. Best for: Children with anxiety, sensory sensitivities, or those who prefer non-competitive settings. d) Dance Dance is a creative form of exercise that blends movement, self-expression, and social interaction. Best for: Children who enjoy creativity, music, and expressive movement. e) Individual sports (e.g., tennis, athletics, gymnastics) Individual sports provide discipline, goal-setting, and independence. Best for: Children with strong self-motivation or those who prefer working at their own pace. 3. Choosing the right sport for your child When choosing a sport, consider: 4. How much sport is enough? FAQs Q: What sport is best for children’s mental health?Team sports like soccer and basketball provide the strongest benefits, but martial arts, swimming, and dance are also excellent options. Q: Are individual sports bad for mental health?Not at all. Individual sports build resilience and confidence, but research shows team sports may offer stronger protection against anxiety and depression. Q: How many hours of sport should my child do each week?At least 60 minutes of activity per day is recommended, with structured sport 2–3 times weekly. Q: Can sport help children with anxiety?Yes. Swimming, martial arts, and team sports all reduce anxiety and build coping skills. References

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 10/09/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Introduction Cats have lived alongside humans for over 10,000 years, transitioning from wild hunters to one of the world’s most popular companion animals (Driscoll et al., 2009). While often described as independent and mysterious, research in animal psychology shows cats have complex social, cognitive, and emotional capacities. This article explores the psychology of cats, including their behaviour, emotions, communication styles, and relationships with humans, to help cat owners better understand their feline companions. 1. Do cats have emotions? Research increasingly supports that cats experience a range of emotions similar to other mammals, including fear, pleasure, frustration, and affection (Bradshaw, 2013). Key takeaway: Cats are emotionally complex, and their wellbeing depends on safe, predictable environments. 2. Feline cognition: How do cats think? Memory and learning Cats have strong associative learning, remembering people and places linked to positive or negative experiences (Bentosela et al., 2009). Problem-solving Cats use trial-and-error strategies to solve puzzles, especially when motivated by food or play. While they may be less motivated to cooperate with humans compared to dogs, studies show they can learn tasks and signals when rewarded (Pongrácz et al., 2019). Object permanence Like young children, cats understand that objects continue to exist when out of sight—a sign of advanced cognitive processing (Goulet et al., 2009). 3. Cat–human communication Cats have evolved unique communication strategies to interact with humans: 4. The social psychology of cats Although descended from solitary hunters, domestic cats are capable of forming social groups, especially when resources are abundant (Crowell-Davis et al., 2004). 5. Cat personalities Cats show consistent personality traits over time, similar to human personality psychology. Understanding a cat’s personality can help owners provide tailored enrichment and reduce stress. 6. Mental health in cats Stress and anxiety Stress in cats can manifest as hiding, aggression, over-grooming, or inappropriate urination. Chronic stress weakens the immune system and can lead to illness (Stella et al., 2013). Depression-like behaviours Cats deprived of stimulation or social contact may display lethargy, reduced play, or changes in appetite. Enrichment as therapy Environmental enrichment (scratching posts, toys, interactive feeding) and secure social contact reduce behavioural problems and improve feline mental health (Ellis, 2009). 7. The psychology of cats and humans: Why we love them Cats fulfil psychological needs for companionship, stress relief, and comfort. FAQs Q: Do cats feel love for humans?Yes. Studies show cats form secure attachments to their owners, similar to human infants and dogs (Vitale et al., 2019). Q: Are cats more independent than dogs?Cats evolved as solitary hunters but adapt to social living. They are more independent than dogs but still form strong emotional bonds. Q: Can cats get depression?Yes. Cats can develop depression-like behaviours when under chronic stress or deprived of stimulation. Q: What is feline psychology?Feline psychology is the study of how cats think, feel, and behave, including their emotions, learning, and relationship with humans. References

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 09/09/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. A psychologist’s science-based guide to love, empathy and relationships when psychopathic traits are in the mix (2025) TL;DR (evidence-based) Bottom line: Individuals high in psychopathic traits can experience desire, excitement, and even forms of attachment, but the capacity for empathic, mutual, stable love is often compromised, especially the intimacy/commitment components. What do we mean by “love”? Psychology treats love as a multicomponent construct. In Sternberg’s Triangular Theory (1986), love combines intimacy (emotional closeness), passion (arousal/desire), and commitment (the decision to maintain the bond). Different mixes create different love styles (e.g., romantic love, companionate love). This matters because someone might show passion (wanting, possessiveness) without intimacy (empathy, mutual care) or commitment. (Sternberg, 1986). What is psychopathy—and why does empathy matter for love? Contemporary models define psychopathy as a constellation of boldness, meanness (callousness) and disinhibition (impulsivity) (the Triarchic Model; Patrick, Fowles & Krueger, 2009).  A large body of cognitive-neuroscience work shows that psychopathy features deficits in affective (emotional) empathy, including reduced reactivity to others’ fear/distress and difficulties recognizing these emotions—functions linked to amygdala-mediated systems (Blair, 2005; Marsh, 2013; scoping updates). These individuals may still reason about minds (cognitive empathy/Theory-of-Mind), which can be used instrumentally. (Blair, 2005; Marsh, 2013; Chevallier-style reviews). Why this matters: Intimacy and compassion in love rely on sharing and responding to a partner’s feelings. Affective empathy deficits can therefore blunt the warmth and mutual care that sustain love, even when passion or pursuit are present. Can a psychopath love? A component-by-component view 1) Intimacy (emotional closeness) Research links psychopathic traits with insecure romantic attachment—especially avoidance (discomfort with closeness) and, in some profiles, anxiety (cling/anger cycles). Findings appear in community, couples and treatment-seeking samples (e.g., actor-partner effects; primary vs secondary psychopathy). (Blanchard et al., 2016; Séguin/Christian & Sellbom lines; dyadic studies). Recent work shows emotion dysregulation partly mediates the psychopathy–attachment link (Spagnuolo et al., 2024).  Implication: Intimacy is the most compromised component—trust, vulnerability and mutual care are hard to sustain when attachment is avoidant and affective empathy is low. 2) Passion (desire/attraction) Across studies, psychopathic traits correlate with unrestricted sociosexuality (openness to uncommitted sex), short-term mating strategies, and lower sexual disgust—especially in men (Jonason et al., 2009; Jauk et al., 2020; 2024 meta-analysis). Implication: Passion can be strong and frequent, but often decoupled from bonding or care. 3) Commitment (decision to maintain the bond) Dark-triad research links psychopathy to game-playing love (ludus) and higher infidelity intentions, especially in casual contexts (Jonason & Kavanagh, 2010; Brewer et al., 2018). Implication: Commitment is fragile; where present, it may be instrumental/conditional rather than mutual and enduring. Primary vs secondary psychopathy: Does subtype matter? Take-home: Both subtypes challenge intimacy/commitment, but for different reasons (cold detachment vs. dysregulated intensity). Do people with psychopathic traits harm partners? Unfortunately, yes—on average risk is elevated. Reviews show psychopathic traits are a proximal risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) and coercive control; survivor studies document PTSD/depression among partners (Robertson et al., 2019; Forth et al.; Aggression & Violent Behavior/Intimate Partner Violence reviews).  Safety note: If you are experiencing threats, control, or violence, seek local crisis services immediately. So…can a psychopath love? It depends on how we define “love.” Many individuals high in psychopathic traits can experience sexual/romantic desire and pursuit (passion) and may display attachment behaviours (e.g., possessiveness, jealousy). But the empathic, caring, mutually regulating intimacy that underpins healthy, sustained love is often limited—and commitment is more likely to be situational or self-serving. (Sternberg, 1986; Blair, 2005; Marsh, 2013; Jonason & Kavanagh, 2010).  What partners often experience (research-informed) Clinical outlook: Is change possible? Psychopathy is heterogeneous. Some elements (e.g., disinhibition) respond to skills-based interventions; meanness/callousness is harder to shift. Treatment frameworks increasingly tailor interventions to triarchic domains (Patrick et al., 2012). Couple safety and individual therapy should be prioritised where risk is present.  If you think you’re in a relationship with someone high in psychopathic traits FAQ Is a psychopath capable of love?They may experience desire and attachment behaviours, but affective empathy deficits undermine mutual intimacy and stable commitment for many. (Blair, 2005; Marsh, 2013; Sternberg, 1986).  Why do some relationships feel intense with a psychopathic partner?Traits linked to passion (sensation-seeking, dominance) are common; research also shows unrestricted sociosexuality and game-playing love styles. Intensity ≠ intimacy. (Jonason et al., 2009; Jonason & Kavanagh, 2010; 2024 meta-analysis).  Are there differences between primary and secondary psychopathy in love?Yes—primary tends to be colder/avoidant; secondary more anxious/volatile due to emotion-regulation problems. Both strain intimacy/commitment. (Kyranides & Neofytou, 2025; Spagnuolo et al., 2024).  Can therapy help?Some behavioural risk can be reduced, but core callousness is difficult to change. Prioritise safety and boundaries; seek specialist input. (Patrick et al., 2012 review).  References General information only; not a substitute for personalised diagnosis or safety advice. If you feel unsafe in a relationship, contact local emergency services or an IPV support line immediately.

 Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 08/09/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Introduction Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapy approach originally developed for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since its introduction in the late 1980s by Francine Shapiro, EMDR has been evaluated across hundreds of studies and is now recognised as an evidence-based treatment for trauma and related conditions (Shapiro, 2018; Bisson et al., 2019). Today, EMDR is used worldwide by psychologists, counsellors, and trauma specialists to treat PTSD, complex trauma, anxiety, depression, and phobias. This article explains what EMDR is, how it works, the research evidence, and what to expect if you begin EMDR therapy. 1. What is EMDR therapy? EMDR is a structured therapy designed to help people process distressing memories and traumatic experiences that remain “stuck” in the nervous system. Key feature: Unlike traditional talk therapy, EMDR does not require detailed verbal descriptions of the traumatic event, which can make it more tolerable for trauma survivors. 2. How does EMDR work? The exact mechanisms are still debated, but several theories explain how EMDR reduces trauma symptoms: 3. What conditions can EMDR help with? a) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) EMDR is most strongly supported for PTSD. Multiple meta-analyses show that EMDR is as effective as trauma-focused CBT and sometimes faster (Watts et al., 2013; Cusack et al., 2016). b) Complex trauma and childhood trauma EMDR has been adapted for survivors of prolonged abuse or neglect, often used alongside stabilisation techniques (Cloitre et al., 2012). c) Anxiety and phobias Studies show EMDR can reduce specific phobias and panic symptoms by reprocessing the core fear memories (de Jongh et al., 2019). d) Depression Emerging evidence suggests EMDR may benefit depression linked to trauma or adverse life events (Hase et al., 2015). e) Other applications EMDR is being trialled for addictions, grief, chronic pain, and performance anxiety, though evidence here is less robust (Valiente-Gómez et al., 2017). 4. What happens in an EMDR session? EMDR therapy is typically delivered in 8 phases (Shapiro, 2018): 5. Evidence and clinical guidelines 6. Benefits of EMDR 7. Risks and limitations 8. EMDR and mental health in Australia In Australia, EMDR is increasingly recognised in clinical practice: FAQs Q: Is EMDR effective?Yes. EMDR is strongly supported as a treatment for PTSD and is recommended by the WHO and NICE. Q: How many EMDR sessions are needed?On average, 6–12 sessions may be required, depending on trauma severity. Q: Is EMDR better than CBT?Both EMDR and trauma-focused CBT are effective. Some studies show EMDR achieves results in fewer sessions, though CBT has broader applications. Q: Can EMDR treat anxiety or depression?Yes, particularly when symptoms are linked to trauma, though evidence is strongest for PTSD. References