Author name: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 12/01/2026 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Helicopter parenting refers to a style of parenting where parents are overly focused on their children, often intervening excessively in their lives to protect them from challenges or failures. This parenting style, though well-intentioned, can have significant psychological effects on children, influencing their autonomy, emotional development, and overall well-being. This article explores the concept of helicopter parenting, its psychological consequences, and how it contrasts with other parenting approaches. Keywords: Helicopter parenting, Psychological effects of helicopter parenting, Parenting styles comparison, Helicopter parenting and anxiety, Overparenting and autonomy, Parenting and mental health, Helicopter parenting impact on children Defining Helicopter Parenting Helicopter parenting is characterised by parents closely monitoring their children’s activities, schoolwork, and social interactions. These parents may constantly intervene in their child’s decision-making process or solve problems on their behalf. This behaviour is often driven by fear of failure, anxiety about the child’s future, or a desire to ensure the child’s success (Segrin et al. 2015). Helicopter parenting is often more prevalent in families of middle to high socioeconomic status, where parents are highly invested in their children’s academic and professional success (Padilla-Walker & Nelson 2012). While it may stem from a place of care and concern, this parenting style can hinder the child’s development of independence and resilience. Psychological Effects of Helicopter Parenting 1. Reduced Autonomy and Problem-Solving Skills One of the primary consequences of helicopter parenting is the reduction of autonomy in children. Research has shown that children of helicopter parents often struggle to make independent decisions and solve problems on their own, as they have been conditioned to rely on parental guidance (Segrin et al. 2015). This lack of autonomy can persist into adulthood, affecting the child’s ability to cope with challenges and navigate life independently. 2. Increased Anxiety and Stress Helicopter parenting has been associated with higher levels of anxiety and stress in children. By constantly intervening and overprotecting their children, helicopter parents inadvertently send the message that the world is dangerous and that the child is incapable of handling adversity. As a result, these children may develop heightened levels of anxiety and become risk-averse, fearing failure or making mistakes (Padilla-Walker & Nelson 2012). 3. Impact on Academic and Career Outcomes While helicopter parenting is often driven by a desire to ensure academic success, research suggests that it may have the opposite effect. Overly involved parents may place undue pressure on their children to excel, leading to burnout and disengagement from academic pursuits (Schiffrin et al. 2014). Furthermore, children of helicopter parents may struggle in the workplace, where independence, initiative, and problem-solving skills are crucial. Comparing Parenting Styles Helicopter parenting is often contrasted with other parenting styles, such as authoritative parenting, which balances support with clear boundaries. Authoritative parents encourage independence while providing guidance and structure, fostering a healthy sense of autonomy in their children (Baumrind 1967). This approach has been shown to promote better academic and emotional outcomes compared to the overbearing nature of helicopter parenting. In contrast, permissive parenting, where parents are lenient and do not set firm boundaries, may also lead to negative outcomes, such as poor self-discipline and impulsivity in children. Helicopter parenting, although controlling, shares some similarities with permissive parenting in that it may prevent children from learning responsibility and self-regulation (Segrin et al. 2015). Long-Term Consequences Helicopter parenting can have long-lasting effects on children’s mental health and development. Studies have shown that children raised by helicopter parents are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem in adolescence and adulthood (LeMoyne & Buchanan 2011). Furthermore, these individuals may struggle to form healthy relationships, as they are not accustomed to managing interpersonal conflicts or making decisions independently. Finding a Balanced Approach While helicopter parenting has been shown to have negative consequences, it is important for parents to remain involved in their children’s lives in a healthy, supportive way. Experts recommend that parents encourage independence by allowing their children to make age-appropriate decisions and learn from their mistakes. Offering guidance without overstepping is key to fostering resilience and self-efficacy in children (Padilla-Walker & Nelson 2012). Conclusion Helicopter parenting, though well-meaning, can have significant psychological impacts on children, hindering their ability to develop autonomy, cope with stress, and achieve long-term success. While parents should remain involved in their children’s lives, it is essential to strike a balance between support and independence. Encouraging children to face challenges and make decisions on their own can help them build the resilience and skills necessary for adulthood. References Baumrind, D 1967, ‘Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior’, Genetic Psychology Monographs, vol. 75, pp. 43-88. LeMoyne, T & Buchanan, T 2011, ‘Does “hovering” matter? Helicopter parenting and its effect on well-being’, Sociological Spectrum, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 399-418. Padilla-Walker, LM & Nelson, LJ 2012, ‘Black hawk down? Helicopter parenting and establishment of autonomy and closeness in emerging adulthood’, Emerging Adulthood, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-12. Schiffrin, HH, Liss, M, Miles-McLean, H, Geary, KA, Erchull, MJ & Tashner, T 2014, ‘Helping or hovering? The effects of helicopter parenting on college students’ well-being’, Journal of Child and Family Studies, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 548-557. Segrin, C, Woszidlo, A, Givertz, M, Bauer, A & Murphy, MT 2015, ‘The association between overparenting, parent-child communication, and entitlement and adaptive traits in adult children’, Journal of Family Communication, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 198-212. How to get in touch If you or your NDIS participant need immediate mental healthcare assistance, feel free to get in contact with us on 1800 NEAR ME – admin@therapynearme.com.au.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 12/01/2026 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Selecting the right school for your child is a critical decision that can significantly impact their academic and emotional development. As a parent, understanding how school environments influence learning, mental health, and social well-being is essential. Psychological principles can provide valuable insights into this decision-making process. This guide explores the key factors parents should consider, using evidence-based research to inform school choices. Keywords: Picking the right school for kids, School selection for children, Choosing a school in Australia, Educational psychology tips for parents, Supporting children’s mental health in schools, Best schools for child development 1. Understand Your Child’s Individual Needs Each child has unique strengths, weaknesses, and learning styles, which should guide your decision when selecting a school. Educational psychologist Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences suggests that children excel in different areas, such as logical-mathematical intelligence, linguistic skills, or bodily-kinaesthetic abilities (Gardner 1983). Schools that offer a range of programs catering to diverse learning styles may better support your child’s academic and personal growth. For children with specific learning disabilities, such as ADHD or dyslexia, selecting a school with appropriate support services is vital. Studies have shown that tailored interventions, including smaller class sizes and workd staff, significantly improve educational outcomes for children with learning difficulties (Snowling & Hulme 2012). 2. Consider the School’s Educational Philosophy Schools differ in their teaching philosophies, from traditional approaches to more progressive methods such as Montessori or Waldorf education. Understanding these philosophies can help align the school’s values with your child’s learning preferences. Montessori Education: Focuses on student-led, self-paced learning, which can be beneficial for children who thrive in a less structured environment (Lillard 2017). Traditional Education: Emphasises structured learning with a focus on academic achievement, which may suit children who excel with clear guidelines and expectations. It is important to choose a school that aligns with your family’s values and supports your child’s preferred learning style. 3. Academic Outcomes and Resources Assessing the school’s academic outcomes, such as standardised test scores and graduation rates, can provide insights into the quality of education. However, academic performance should be balanced with consideration of the school’s resources and extracurricular activities. Research shows that extracurricular participation, such as sports and arts, contributes positively to children’s mental health, self-esteem, and social skills (Fredricks & Eccles 2006). Schools with a comprehensive approach to education, including well-equipped libraries, technology access, and mental health services, provide a more supportive learning environment. Furthermore, schools that foster a growth mindset, where students are encouraged to see challenges as opportunities to grow, have been shown to improve academic performance and resilience (Dweck 2006). 4. Social and Emotional Climate The emotional and social environment of a school is crucial for your child’s well-being. Research has shown that positive relationships between students and teachers contribute significantly to a child’s mental health and academic success (Hamre & Pianta 2001). When evaluating schools, consider factors such as: Classroom Size: Smaller classrooms often provide more personalised attention and stronger student-teacher relationships. School Culture: A supportive and inclusive culture promotes mental well-being and reduces the risk of bullying. A school that emphasises kindness, empathy, and emotional intelligence fosters a healthy environment for social growth. Schools that offer social-emotional learning (SEL) programs help students develop skills such as self-awareness, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills, which are key to long-term success (Greenberg et al. 2003). 5. Location and Accessibility While academic programs and social environments are critical, practical considerations, such as the school’s location and accessibility, should also factor into your decision. Research indicates that long commutes can increase stress and reduce time for extracurricular activities or family engagement, which are important for a balanced lifestyle (Evans et al. 2012). Additionally, proximity to home allows for stronger parent-school partnerships. Schools with strong parental involvement programs are shown to have better student outcomes, as parental engagement in education is linked to academic success and improved student behaviour (Jeynes 2011). 6. Evaluate Support and Inclusion Programs Inclusion programs that integrate children with diverse needs into mainstream classrooms promote a more accepting environment and encourage diversity (UNESCO 2005). When selecting a school, ensure it offers adequate support for students with physical, emotional, or learning needs. Schools that prioritise inclusivity create a sense of belonging and provide individualised attention to children who may require additional resources, such as educational psychologists or workd therapies. 7. Take School Visits Seriously Visiting prospective schools allows you to observe the learning environment firsthand. During these visits, consider interacting with staff, observing classroom dynamics, and gauging the school’s overall atmosphere. Research shows that positive school atmospheres—where teachers are engaged, and students are active—are strong indicators of a thriving academic environment (Eccles & Roeser 2011). Conclusion Choosing the right school for your child is a multifaceted decision that requires consideration of academic quality, emotional and social climate, and practical logistics. By focusing on your child’s unique needs and using evidence-based insights, you can make an informed decision that supports their long-term well-being and success. Remember, no single school is perfect for every child, but identifying a supportive environment that nurtures both academic and personal growth will lay the foundation for a bright future. References Dweck, CS 2006, Mindset: The new psychology of success, Random House, New York. Eccles, JS & Roeser, RW 2011, ‘Schools as developmental contexts during adolescence’, Journal of Research on Adolescence, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 225–241. Evans, GW, Wener, RE & Phillips, D 2012, ‘The morning rush hour: Predictability and commuter stress’, Environment and Behavior, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 521–530. Fredricks, JA & Eccles, JS 2006, ‘Is extracurricular participation associated with beneficial outcomes? Concurrent and longitudinal relations’, Developmental Psychology, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 698–713. Gardner, H 1983, Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences, Basic Books, New

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 02/11/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Childhood obesity is a significant public health issue, affecting both physical and mental well-being. However, addressing obesity must be done sensitively to avoid the harmful effects of body shaming, which can lead to low self-esteem, anxiety, and disordered eating. This article explores strategies for promoting healthy behaviours in children without stigmatising or shaming them about their bodies. Keywords: Tackling childhood obesity, Childhood obesity without body shaming, Body positivity in children, Promoting healthy habits for kids, Childhood obesity and mental health, Intuitive eating for children, Avoiding body shaming in obesity management Understanding Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is defined as excessive body fat that negatively impacts a child’s health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels worldwide, with long-term consequences such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychological issues (WHO 2020). Addressing this requires a balanced approach that promotes healthy behaviours without focusing on weight as the primary indicator of health. The Negative Impact of Body Shaming Body shaming is the act of criticising someone’s body size or appearance, often leading to feelings of shame or inadequacy. For children, body shaming can have serious psychological consequences, including low self-esteem, depression, and the development of disordered eating habits such as binge eating or food restriction (Puhl & Latner 2007). Research shows that children who are body shamed are more likely to experience emotional distress and reduced motivation to adopt healthier habits (Pont et al. 2017). To tackle childhood obesity effectively, it is crucial to avoid framing weight as a moral issue or attaching personal worth to body size. Instead, parents, educators, and healthcare professionals should focus on fostering a positive relationship with food, encouraging healthy behaviours, and promoting body diversity and acceptance. Strategies for Promoting Healthy Behaviours Without Body Shaming 1. Focus on Health, Not Weight Promoting overall health rather than weight loss shifts the emphasis from appearance to well-being. Parents and educators can encourage behaviours like eating nutritious foods, staying physically active, and getting adequate sleep without focusing on weight. By framing these habits as part of a healthy lifestyle rather than a response to body size, children are more likely to adopt them without feeling pressured or judged (Tylka et al. 2014). 2. Create a Positive Eating Environment Creating a supportive and positive environment around food helps children develop a healthy relationship with eating. Parents can offer a variety of nutritious foods and allow children to explore them without enforcing strict dietary rules or making comments about body size. Encouraging children to listen to their hunger and fullness cues, a practice known as intuitive eating, promotes a balanced and healthy approach to food (Tribole & Resch 2012). 3. Encourage Physical Activity for Enjoyment Physical activity should be framed as something fun and enjoyable rather than a means to lose weight. Activities such as playing sports, riding bikes, or simply going for a walk with family can be promoted as enjoyable ways to move the body. When physical activity is associated with pleasure rather than obligation, children are more likely to engage in it regularly (Watson et al. 2016). 4. Model Healthy Behaviours Parents and caregivers play a crucial role in shaping children’s attitudes towards food and physical activity. By modelling positive behaviours, such as eating balanced meals, exercising regularly, and avoiding negative self-talk about their own bodies, adults can foster a healthy environment that encourages children to develop positive habits. 5. Avoid Diet Talk and Weight-Based Comments Discussing dieting, weight loss, or making comments about someone’s size should be avoided, especially in front of children. Such conversations can contribute to a culture of body dissatisfaction and lead children to internalise the belief that their value is tied to their appearance. Instead, conversations should focus on well-being, strength, and healthy choices (Pont et al. 2017). The Role of Schools in Promoting Healthy Lifestyles Schools are important environments for promoting healthy lifestyles and can play a significant role in preventing childhood obesity. Educators can integrate health and nutrition education into the curriculum without focusing on weight or body size. Programs that encourage participation in physical activities, such as school sports or active play, should be inclusive of all body types. It is also crucial for schools to address bullying related to weight. Research shows that children who are bullied because of their weight are more likely to suffer from emotional distress and avoid physical activity, perpetuating a cycle of negative health outcomes (Puhl & Latner 2007). Implementing anti-bullying policies that address weight-based bullying is essential to creating a safe and supportive school environment. Promoting Body Positivity and Acceptance A key component of addressing childhood obesity without body shaming is fostering a culture of body positivity and acceptance. Children should be taught that bodies come in all shapes and sizes, and that health is not determined solely by appearance. Body positivity promotes the idea that all bodies deserve respect, regardless of size, and encourages children to appreciate their bodies for what they can do rather than how they look (Puhl & Heuer 2010). Conclusion Tackling childhood obesity requires a sensitive approach that focuses on promoting healthy behaviours without body shaming. By shifting the focus from weight to well-being, encouraging positive eating habits, and fostering a supportive environment, parents, educators, and healthcare providers can help children develop healthy lifestyles that support both physical and emotional health. By promoting body positivity and avoiding harmful weight-based comments, we can ensure that children grow up feeling valued and confident, regardless of their body size. References Pont, SJ, Puhl, R, Cook, SR & Slusser, W 2017, ‘Stigma experienced by children and adolescents with obesity’, Pediatrics, vol. 140, no. 6, pp. e20173034. Puhl, RM & Heuer, CA 2010, ‘Obesity stigma: Important considerations for public health’, American Journal of

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 07/10/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Becoming a millionaire is often associated with a combination of hard work, risk-taking, and financial savvy. However, psychology plays an equally important role in determining who achieves financial success. Understanding the psychological traits and behaviours that distinguish millionaires from the general population offers insight into how individuals accumulate wealth and maintain it. This article explores the psychological characteristics of millionaires, their decision-making processes, and how these traits can be cultivated. Keywords: Psychology of a millionaire, Millionaire mindset, Traits of successful individuals, Financial decision-making, Millionaire behaviours, Resilience and financial success, Growth mindset and wealth, Financial literacy and wealth Key Psychological Traits of Millionaires Research suggests that certain psychological traits are more common among individuals who accumulate significant wealth. These include: 1. Self-discipline and Delayed Gratification One of the most important traits shared by millionaires is the ability to practise delayed gratification. Millionaires are more likely to forego short-term pleasures in pursuit of long-term goals, including saving and investing rather than spending impulsively. A classic study by Mischel et al. (1989) on delayed gratification demonstrated that individuals who are able to resist immediate rewards in favour of future gains tend to achieve greater success in various aspects of life, including financial prosperity. 2. Resilience and Risk Tolerance Millionaires often exhibit high levels of resilience and a strong tolerance for risk. The willingness to take calculated risks, whether in business ventures or investments, is a key factor in wealth accumulation (Kahneman & Tversky 1979). Resilience also plays a critical role in overcoming failures and setbacks, which are common on the path to financial success. According to Duckworth et al. (2007), resilience and “grit”—the passion and perseverance for long-term goals—are essential for achieving high levels of success. 3. Growth Mindset Millionaires typically have a growth mindset, which involves the belief that intelligence, talent, and abilities can be developed through effort and learning. This mindset encourages individuals to embrace challenges and persist in the face of obstacles (Dweck 2006). In contrast to a fixed mindset, which sees abilities as static, those with a growth mindset view failures as opportunities for growth and improvement, which is vital in navigating the uncertainties of the business and financial world. Financial Decision-Making and Behaviour 1. Long-Term Thinking Successful millionaires tend to make financial decisions with a long-term perspective. Rather than focusing on immediate returns, they often prioritise investments and strategies that yield sustained growth over time. This behaviour is reflected in their investment habits, where patience and long-term asset appreciation are preferred over short-term speculative gains (Stanley & Danko 1996). 2. Diversification and Financial Literacy Millionaires are also more likely to engage in diversified investments, spreading risk across various asset classes to maximise returns and mitigate potential losses (Piketty 2014). High levels of financial literacy enable them to understand complex financial products and make informed decisions about stocks, real estate, and other investments. Studies suggest that financial literacy is a crucial determinant of wealth accumulation (Lusardi & Mitchell 2011). 3. Frugality and Budgeting Contrary to common stereotypes, many millionaires practise frugality and careful budgeting, even after achieving financial success. The popular image of the lavishly spending millionaire is often misleading. Research by Stanley & Danko (1996) in The Millionaire Next Door found that many wealthy individuals live below their means and maintain disciplined saving habits. This frugality allows them to invest more of their income and grow their wealth over time. Social Networks and Environmental Factors 1. Networking and Social Capital Millionaires often attribute their success to the quality of their networks and relationships. Social capital, or the resources gained through relationships with others, can open doors to business opportunities, investment deals, and mentorship (Putnam 2000). Building and maintaining strong social networks enables millionaires to access valuable information, resources, and support systems that contribute to their financial success. 2. Family and Early Education Studies suggest that many millionaires benefit from supportive family environments that encourage education, financial responsibility, and entrepreneurship from an early age (Piketty 2014). Family wealth and access to educational resources can play a significant role in wealth accumulation, particularly when individuals receive financial literacy education during their formative years (Lusardi & Mitchell 2011). Psychological Pitfalls of Wealth While wealth provides financial security, it can also bring psychological challenges. Research shows that millionaires may experience status anxiety, which involves concern about losing their wealth or being outpaced by others in their social circle (Frank 1999). Moreover, studies suggest that after a certain threshold, additional wealth does not necessarily lead to increased happiness (Kahneman & Deaton 2010). This phenomenon, known as the hedonic treadmill, implies that as people become wealthier, their expectations and desires increase, preventing long-term satisfaction. Conclusion The psychology of a millionaire involves a unique combination of traits such as resilience, self-discipline, and a growth mindset. Millionaires are typically forward-thinking, financially literate, and capable of managing risk effectively. While wealth offers numerous advantages, it also comes with psychological challenges. However, the lessons learned from studying the behaviours and mindsets of millionaires can be valuable for anyone aiming to achieve financial success. References Duckworth, AL, Peterson, C, Matthews, MD & Kelly, DR 2007, ‘Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 1087–1101. Dweck, CS 2006, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, Random House, New York. Frank, RH 1999, Luxury Fever: Why Money Fails to Satisfy in an Era of Excess, Free Press, New York. Kahneman, D & Deaton, A 2010, ‘High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 107, no. 38, pp. 16489–16493. Kahneman, D & Tversky, A 1979, ‘Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk’, Econometrica, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 263-291. Lusardi, A & Mitchell, OS 2011,

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 03/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Liam Payne’s tragic death on October 16, 2024, after falling from a third-floor hotel balcony in Buenos Aires, has brought significant attention to the mental health challenges faced by celebrities. Payne had long been open about his struggles with anxiety, depression, and substance abuse, which were exacerbated by the pressures of fame. His death highlights the immense psychological burden that often accompanies life in the public eye, and underscores the importance of mental health awareness, particularly for public figures. Keywords: Liam Payne death, Liam Payne mental health, Celebrity mental health, Anxiety and depression in celebrities, Substance abuse in celebrities, Mental health support for public figures, Coping with fame, Liam Payne’s struggles, Mental health awareness, Celebrity pressures and mental health Mental Health Challenges in the Spotlight Liam Payne, like many other celebrities, faced intense scrutiny and the expectation to maintain a public image while grappling with personal challenges. These pressures can often exacerbate underlying mental health conditions. According to research, public figures are at increased risk for mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse disorders (Giles 2017). Payne’s experience illustrates how celebrity life can amplify these struggles. The demands of fame—constant attention, public performance, and invasive media coverage—contribute to stress and mental health decline (Pennebaker & Chung 2015). Substance Abuse and Coping Mechanisms In interviews leading up to his death, Payne openly discussed his reliance on alcohol to manage stress, reflecting a common pattern seen among high-profile individuals. Celebrities often face the temptation to self-medicate through substances to numb the pressures they face (Schaller et al. 2019). Payne’s struggles with addiction and attempts at recovery mirror the broader mental health challenges in the entertainment industry, where substance abuse is frequently intertwined with emotional distress. The Psychological Burden of Fame Payne’s mental health struggles resonate with existing psychological research on the impact of fame. Constant public scrutiny, unrealistic expectations, and the lack of personal privacy create a volatile environment for mental health. Celebrities are often deprived of the social and emotional support systems that are vital for maintaining well-being (Henderson et al. 2013). This lack of privacy and the pressures associated with maintaining a successful public image can lead to increased rates of anxiety, depression, and substance abuse (Giles 2017). Seeking Help and Support Despite his struggles, Payne sought professional help, advocating for therapy and treatment in interviews. This highlights the critical role of mental health services for individuals facing intense pressures. Studies show that psychotherapy and counselling are essential in helping individuals manage anxiety, depression, and substance abuse disorders (Beck 2011). Payne’s openness about his mental health journey encouraged many fans to seek help and address their own mental health challenges. However, his tragic end also serves as a reminder of the long-lasting impact of mental health issues, even when treatment is sought. Celebrity Mental Health and Public Perception In the wake of Payne’s death, his ex-fiancée, Maya Henry, faced online harassment, with some fans unjustly attributing blame to her. This unfortunate reaction underscores how public discourse can intensify the emotional fallout of personal tragedies (Corrigan et al. 2012). The complexities of Payne’s personal relationships, combined with the challenges of his public life, reveal the often harmful effects of celebrity culture on both mental health and the people connected to celebrities. Lessons from Payne’s Tragic Loss Liam Payne’s passing brings crucial attention to the importance of early intervention and continuous mental health support for individuals in high-pressure environments. Fame may provide financial and social rewards, but it also comes with psychological costs that demand professional attention and understanding from the public. Mental health campaigns must continue to address these challenges, promoting open conversations about mental illness and removing the stigma around seeking help. Conclusion Liam Payne’s death is a stark reminder of the significant mental health challenges faced by those in the public eye. His struggles with anxiety, depression, and substance abuse are not unique to celebrities, but his story brings a spotlight to the need for greater awareness and intervention in the mental health arena. As Payne’s life demonstrates, addressing mental health challenges head-on, with the support of therapy and strong social networks, is crucial for healing and well-being. Celebrities, like everyone else, require space and understanding to manage their mental health effectively. References Beck, JS 2011, Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond, 2nd edn, Guilford Press, New York. Corrigan, PW et al. 2012, ‘The impact of mental illness stigma on seeking and participating in mental health care’, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 37–70. Giles, DC 2017, Psychology of the media, Palgrave Macmillan, London. Henderson, C, Evans-Lacko, S & Thornicroft, G 2013, ‘Mental illness stigma, help seeking, and public health programs’, American Journal of Public Health, vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 777–780. Pennebaker, JW & Chung, CK 2015, Expressive writing, emotional upheavals, and health, in HB Kaplan (ed.), Psychosomatic medicine, Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 95–114. Schaller, M, Murray, DR & Bangerter, A 2019, ‘Why celebrity gossip matters: A psychological perspective on the evolution and function of a popular human activity’, Review of General Psychology, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 49–62. How to get in touch If you or your NDIS participant need immediate mental healthcare assistance, feel free to get in contact with us on 1800 NEAR ME – admin@therapynearme.com.au.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 02/10/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. The National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA) is an independent statutory agency in Australia responsible for implementing the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). The NDIA’s role is to support individuals with disabilities, providing funding for services and supports that promote independence and enhance quality of life. This article explores the role of the NDIA, how it functions, and its impact on participants and service providers. Keywords NDIA, National Disability Insurance Scheme,NDIS participants, Disability services in Australia, NDIS personalised support plans, NDIS funding management, NDIA challenges, Access to disability services What is the NDIA? The NDIA was established in 2013 as part of the Australian Government’s efforts to reform disability services through the introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). The NDIS is designed to provide Australians with permanent and significant disabilities with access to supports tailored to their individual needs, helping them achieve their goals and participate more fully in the community. The NDIA is responsible for managing the NDIS, ensuring that participants receive appropriate funding and that services are delivered effectively. The NDIA’s mission is to enable people with disabilities to live more independent lives by giving them the control to choose the services and supports they need (NDIA 2021). Functions of the NDIA The NDIA performs several key functions in the administration of the NDIS: 1. Assessing Eligibility and Needs One of the primary roles of the NDIA is to assess the eligibility of individuals for the NDIS and determine their support needs. This process involves evaluating the level of functional impairment a person experiences due to their disability and creating a personalised support plan that outlines the services and funding they are entitled to (Mavromaras et al. 2018). 2. Managing Funding and Plans Once a participant’s eligibility is determined, the NDIA is responsible for managing the funding allocated to that individual. The NDIA works with participants to develop their NDIS plans, which include the supports and services they need. These plans can include therapies, home modifications, assistive technology, and more, depending on the individual’s needs (NDIA 2021). 3. Facilitating Service Provision The NDIA ensures that participants can access the services and supports outlined in their plans by connecting them with NDIS service providers. Service providers include a wide range of professionals, such as psychologists, occupational therapists, and support workers, who offer services to help participants live more independently. 4. Monitoring Outcomes The NDIA is also responsible for monitoring the outcomes of participants’ NDIS plans, ensuring that the supports provided are helping individuals achieve their goals. Regular reviews of participants’ plans are conducted to ensure their needs are being met and to adjust funding as necessary (NDIA 2021). Challenges Faced by the NDIA Despite its positive impact, the NDIA faces several challenges in its implementation of the NDIS: 1. Access and Equity One of the ongoing challenges for the NDIA is ensuring that all eligible individuals have equitable access to the NDIS. Research has shown that individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds and those living in rural or remote areas may face barriers in accessing services (Soldatic et al. 2019). The NDIA has introduced initiatives to improve accessibility, but disparities still exist. 2. Plan Management and Reviews Participants have reported inconsistencies in the way NDIS plans are managed and reviewed. Some individuals have experienced delays in receiving their funding or have found the process of having their plans reviewed challenging and time-consuming (Carey et al. 2020). Addressing these issues is critical to ensuring the scheme operates effectively for all participants. 3. Provider Market Issues The NDIA must also oversee the development of a competitive and effective service provider market. In some areas, there are shortages of NDIS service providers, limiting participants’ choices and access to necessary supports (Mavromaras et al. 2018). The NDIA is working to encourage more providers to enter the market and improve service availability. The Impact of the NDIA on Participants The NDIA has had a significant positive impact on the lives of people with disabilities in Australia. Since the launch of the NDIS, participants have reported improvements in their independence, ability to engage in community activities, and overall quality of life (NDIA 2021). By giving participants more control over their support plans and funding, the NDIA empowers individuals to make choices that suit their needs and preferences. Moreover, the NDIS promotes inclusion, as participants can access supports that allow them to participate more fully in education, employment, and social activities. The NDIA’s focus on individualised plans ensures that each participant receives the right support to achieve their personal goals. Conclusion The NDIA plays a critical role in the administration of the NDIS, supporting individuals with disabilities to live more independent, fulfilling lives. While the agency faces challenges, including issues of access, equity, and provider shortages, its impact on participants has been largely positive. By offering personalised support plans, managing funding, and connecting participants with service providers, the NDIA ensures that Australians with disabilities can access the services and support they need to thrive. References Carey, G, Malbon, E, Olney, S & Reeders, D 2020, ‘The personalisation agenda: The case of the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme’, International Journal of Care and Caring, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 319-333. Mavromaras, K, Moskos, M, Mahuteau, S & Isherwood, L 2018, Evaluation of the NDIS: Final Report, Flinders University, Adelaide. National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA) 2021, Annual Report 2020–2021, NDIA, viewed 18 October 2024, https://www.ndis.gov.au/about-us/publications/annual-report. Soldatic, K, van Toorn, G & Dowse, L 2019, ‘Globalising disability rights: The National Disability Insurance Scheme’, Disability & Society, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 629-648. How to get in touch If you or your NDIS participant need immediate mental healthcare assistance, feel free to get in contact with us on 1800 NEAR

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 09/12/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Shaming is a powerful psychological and social mechanism used to enforce societal norms, often by publicly humiliating or criticising individuals for their behaviour, appearance, or beliefs. Shaming can occur in various forms, including online shaming, body shaming, or parental shaming, and is often used to control or modify behaviour. However, the psychological effects of shaming can be long-lasting, leading to emotional distress, anxiety, and even depression. This article explores the different types of shaming, their effects, and the cultural context in which they occur. Keywords: Shaming, Online shaming, Body shaming, Psychological impact of shame, Social comparison and shaming, Toxic shame, Self-compassion and mental health, Emotional abuse and shaming The Psychology Behind Shaming At its core, shaming taps into a person’s sense of self-worth and social belonging. According to social comparison theory, people often evaluate themselves based on how they compare to others, particularly in social contexts (Festinger 1954). Shaming exploits this comparison by highlighting perceived flaws or failures, often making individuals feel inferior or ostracised. When individuals are shamed, they may internalise these negative evaluations, which can lead to feelings of worthlessness and isolation. Brene Brown, a prominent researcher on shame, describes shame as the intensely painful feeling or experience of believing that we are flawed and therefore unworthy of love and belonging (Brown 2006). Unlike guilt, which focuses on behaviour (“I did something bad”), shame targets the self (“I am bad”), making it a powerful and harmful emotion. Types of Shaming Shaming manifests in various forms, each with unique consequences: 1. Body Shaming Body shaming refers to the criticism or mockery of someone’s physical appearance, often based on societal beauty standards. Social media and popular culture have contributed to the rise of body shaming, particularly targeting those who do not fit conventional standards of beauty (Puhl & Heuer 2009). The psychological effects of body shaming include decreased self-esteem, body dysmorphia, and eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia (Fairburn & Harrison 2003). 2. Online Shaming The internet has amplified the scope of shaming through online shaming, where individuals are publicly criticised or humiliated on social media platforms. Online shaming can take the form of call-out culture, where people are “called out” for perceived wrongdoings or offensive statements. While call-outs can promote accountability, they often escalate into harassment, cyberbullying, and emotional abuse (Solove 2007). Victims of online shaming frequently report experiencing anxiety, depression, and in extreme cases, suicidal ideation. 3. Parental Shaming Parental shaming occurs when parents use humiliation or embarrassment to discipline or control their children. Publicly criticising or belittling children, whether in person or online, can have detrimental effects on their self-worth and mental health. Research has shown that children who experience parental shaming are more likely to develop anxiety, depression, and issues with emotional regulation in adulthood (Hoffman 2000). Cultural and Social Contexts of Shaming Shaming is deeply ingrained in many cultures, often used as a tool to enforce societal norms. In collectivist cultures, where community and social harmony are prioritised, shaming can serve as a means of maintaining social order (Triandis 1995). Individuals who deviate from cultural norms or bring “dishonour” to their families may be publicly shamed to encourage conformity. In contrast, in individualistic cultures, personal autonomy is more valued, yet shaming still plays a role in regulating behaviour. Online shaming, particularly in Western societies, has emerged as a form of social justice, where individuals are held accountable for offensive or harmful behaviour. However, the boundary between accountability and cruelty is often blurred, leading to unintended emotional harm for those targeted (Solove 2007). The Psychological Effects of Shaming The psychological toll of shaming can be profound. Research indicates that individuals who are subjected to shame are more likely to experience mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem (Tangney & Dearing 2002). Shame is also linked to social isolation, as individuals may withdraw from relationships to avoid further humiliation or rejection. In extreme cases, chronic shaming can lead to toxic shame, a deeply ingrained sense of unworthiness that can affect all aspects of a person’s life (Bradshaw 1988). Toxic shame is often associated with trauma, and individuals may turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms, such as substance abuse or self-harm, to numb the emotional pain. The Role of Compassion in Addressing Shame While shaming is often used as a tool for behavioural correction, research shows that compassion and empathy are far more effective in promoting positive change. Studies on self-compassion, a concept championed by psychologist Kristin Neff, suggest that treating oneself with kindness and understanding can reduce feelings of shame and improve mental health outcomes (Neff 2011). By fostering a culture of compassion, individuals and communities can support personal growth and accountability without resorting to shaming tactics. Conclusion Shaming, in all its forms, has far-reaching psychological and social consequences. Whether experienced online, through body criticism, or in parental relationships, the effects of shame can damage self-worth, mental health, and social connections. Understanding the negative impacts of shaming and promoting compassion and empathy as alternatives are essential steps in creating healthier, more supportive social environments. Instead of using shame as a means of control or discipline, societies should encourage constructive communication and self-compassion. References Bradshaw, J 1988, Healing the Shame That Binds You, Health Communications, Deerfield Beach, FL. Brown, B 2006, Shame Resilience Theory: A Grounded Theory Study on Women and Shame, University of Houston, Houston, TX. Fairburn, CG & Harrison, PJ 2003, ‘Eating disorders’, The Lancet, vol. 361, no. 9355, pp. 407–416. Festinger, L 1954, ‘A theory of social comparison processes’, Human Relations, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 117–140. Hoffman, ML 2000, Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Neff, KD 2011, Self-Compassion: The Proven Power of Being Kind to Yourself, HarperCollins,