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Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 01/12/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. In recent years, home schooling, or the education of children outside conventional educational institutions, has gained traction in many countries, including Australia. Among the myriad of reasons parents cite for choosing home schooling, the holistic wellbeing and mental health of their children are often paramount. This article delves into the implications of home schooling on the mental health of children, examining both its merits and potential pitfalls. We then reflect on these arguments critically, placing them in juxtaposition to gain a holistic perspective. For Home Schooling and Mental Health: Personalised Learning Environment: Home schooling provides a customised learning experience tailored to a child’s needs. Some children might feel overwhelmed or lost in a traditional classroom setting due to varying learning paces. A personalised environment can enhance self-confidence and self-esteem, essential facets of mental health. Reduction in Peer Pressure and Bullying: A study conducted by the Australian government noted that 1 in 4 students experience bullying in schools. Home schooling can serve as a protective buffer, reducing exposure to such negative experiences, potentially safeguarding children’s mental wellbeing. Flexibility: Flexibility in home schooling can lead to reduced stress. Without rigid schedules or deadlines, students can learn at their own pace, resulting in a more relaxed and conducive learning environment. Stronger Parent-Child Relationships: Home schooling fosters increased interaction between parents and children. Such close-knit relationships can serve as a strong support system, often crucial for mental health. Against Home Schooling and Mental Health: Social Isolation: One of the primary concerns about home schooling is the potential lack of social interaction. Social skills, acquired through interaction with peers, are essential for emotional intelligence and mental health. The absence of regular social interactions might hinder the development of these skills. Potential for Unequal Education: While some parents might be adept at providing a well-rounded education, others might not possess the necessary skills or resources. This inconsistency can lead to gaps in education and potential stressors as children might feel ill-prepared for tertiary education or the workforce. Loss of Extracurricular Opportunities: Traditional schools often offer a range of extracurricular activities, from sports to arts, which play a vital role in mental and physical health. Home schooled children might miss out on these opportunities, impacting their holistic development. Potential Parental Stress: The onus of education falls squarely on the parents in a home schooling scenario. Juggling between parental and teaching roles can be daunting, leading to increased stress, which might inadvertently affect the child. Critical Analysis: Comparing the merits and drawbacks of home schooling concerning mental health provides a multi-faceted view. The value of a personalised learning environment cannot be understated. Tailored education might result in enhanced self-esteem, a crucial factor for mental health. However, this benefit requires the assumption that parents or guardians are equipped to provide this tailored experience, which might not always be the case. While home schooling can indeed serve as a refuge from bullying, the aspect of social isolation remains a significant concern. Social interactions are crucial for developing resilience, empathy, and emotional intelligence. A middle ground might be to ensure home schooled children still engage in community or group activities. Lastly, while flexibility in home schooling can reduce academic stress, the potential loss of extracurricular opportunities might be detrimental. These activities often provide avenues for stress relief, creativity, and physical activity, all of which are integral for mental health. Conclusion: The intersection of home schooling and mental health is multifaceted and depends largely on individual circumstances. While home schooling offers undeniable benefits like tailored learning experiences and a respite from negative school environments, potential pitfalls like social isolation and inconsistent educational experiences are genuine concerns. For parents considering home schooling, a balanced approach, which marries the benefits of tailored education with regular social interactions and extracurricular opportunities, might be the most conducive for their child’s mental health. How to get in touch If you or your patient/NDIS clients need immediate mental healthcare assistance, feel free to get in contact with us on 1800 NEAR ME – admin@therapynearme.com.au.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 08/02/2026 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Gratitude is a powerful practice that can significantly enhance mental and physical wellbeing. It involves recognising and appreciating the positive aspects of life, which can lead to increased happiness, reduced stress, and improved relationships. This article explores how to practice gratitude, supported by scientific research, to help you incorporate this beneficial habit into your daily routine. Keywords: how to practice gratitude, benefits of gratitude, gratitude exercises, mental health, wellbeing, Australian mental health The Science Behind Gratitude Gratitude has been extensively studied in the field of psychology, with numerous studies highlighting its benefits. Gratitude can enhance psychological wellbeing by promoting positive emotions, improving resilience, and fostering a sense of connection with others (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). Research also indicates that gratitude can lead to physical health benefits, such as better sleep and lower stress levels (Wood, Joseph, Lloyd, & Atkins, 2009). Benefits of Practicing Gratitude 1. Improved Mental Health Practicing gratitude has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. It encourages a focus on positive experiences and reduces the impact of negative emotions (Watkins, Cruz, Holben, & Kolts, 2008). 2. Enhanced Relationships Gratitude can strengthen relationships by promoting feelings of appreciation and fostering a positive feedback loop. Expressing gratitude can enhance social bonds and increase prosocial behaviour (Algoe, Gable, & Maisel, 2010). 3. Better Physical Health Grateful individuals often report better physical health, including fewer aches and pains, and they are more likely to engage in healthy activities such as exercise and regular medical check-ups (Emmons & Stern, 2013). 4. Increased Resilience Gratitude helps build resilience by promoting a positive outlook and helping individuals recover more quickly from stress and adversity (Fredrickson, Tugade, Waugh, & Larkin, 2003). How to Practice Gratitude Incorporating gratitude into daily life can be simple and rewarding. Here are several evidence-based strategies to help you cultivate gratitude: 1. Gratitude Journaling Keeping a gratitude journal involves regularly writing down things you are grateful for. This practice can help shift focus from negative to positive aspects of life. Daily Entries: Write three things you are grateful for each day. Be specific and focus on the details (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). 2. Gratitude Letters Writing gratitude letters involves expressing appreciation to someone who has made a positive impact on your life. This can strengthen your relationships and enhance your own sense of gratitude. Detail Your Appreciation: Describe specific actions and how they affected you. Consider delivering the letter in person for a more powerful experience (Seligman, Steen, Park, & Peterson, 2005). 3. Gratitude Meditation Gratitude meditation combines mindfulness with the practice of gratitude. It involves focusing on the things you are grateful for and can be a calming and reflective practice. Guided Meditations: Use guided gratitude meditations available online or through meditation apps to help you focus your thoughts (Fredrickson, 2004). 4. Gratitude Jar A gratitude jar is a physical reminder of the positive things in your life. Write down things you are grateful for on small pieces of paper and place them in the jar. Over time, the jar will fill with positive reminders. Review Regularly: Take time to read the notes in your gratitude jar, especially during challenging times, to remind yourself of the good in your life (Lambert, Fincham, Stillman, & Dean, 2009). 5. Express Gratitude Daily Make it a habit to express gratitude in your daily interactions. Thank people for their kindness, acknowledge their efforts, and appreciate the small things in life. Verbal Appreciation: Take a moment to thank someone each day, whether it’s a friend, family member, or even a stranger who did something kind (Algoe et al., 2010). Tips for Maintaining a Gratitude Practice Be Consistent: Incorporate gratitude practices into your daily routine to make them a habit. Be Specific: Focus on specific things you are grateful for rather than general statements. Be Present: Engage fully in the moment when expressing or reflecting on gratitude. Stay Positive: Avoid comparing yourself to others and focus on your own journey. Conclusion Practicing gratitude is a simple yet powerful way to enhance mental and physical wellbeing. By incorporating practices such as gratitude journaling, writing gratitude letters, engaging in gratitude meditation, using a gratitude jar, and expressing gratitude daily, you can foster a more positive outlook and improve your overall quality of life. Start integrating these gratitude exercises into your routine and experience the numerous benefits they offer. References Algoe, S. B., Gable, S. L., & Maisel, N. C. (2010). It’s the little things: Everyday gratitude as a booster shot for romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 17(2), 217-233. Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 377-389. Emmons, R. A., & Stern, R. (2013). Gratitude as a psychotherapeutic intervention. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(8), 846-855. Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1367-1377. Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 365-376. Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., Stillman, T. F., & Dean, L. R. (2009). More gratitude, less materialism: The mediating role of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(1), 32-42. Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410-421. Watkins, P. C., Cruz, L., Holben, H., & Kolts, R. L. (2008). Taking care of business? Grateful processing of unpleasant memories. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 87-99. Wood, A.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 03/01/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Codependency is a behavioural condition where one person enables another’s addiction, poor mental health, immaturity, irresponsibility, or under-achievement. Recognising the signs of codependency is crucial for addressing these unhealthy patterns and promoting healthier relationships. This article explores the key indicators of codependency, its impact, and strategies for overcoming it, supported by scientific research. Keywords: signs of codependency, codependent behaviour, unhealthy relationships, codependency recovery, mental health, Australian mental health What is Codependency? Codependency is often characterised by an excessive emotional or psychological reliance on a partner, typically one who requires support due to an illness or addiction. Originally, the term was used to describe the families of individuals with alcohol dependence but has since been broadened to include various types of dysfunctional relationships (Cermak, 1986). Key Signs of Codependency Identifying codependent behaviours can help individuals recognise and address these patterns in their relationships. Common signs of codependency include: 1. Excessive Caretaking Codependent individuals often feel a strong need to care for others at the expense of their own needs. This can manifest as: Over-involvement: Taking on responsibilities that are not theirs to ensure the other person’s wellbeing. Neglecting Self-Care: Prioritising the needs of others while neglecting their own physical and emotional health (Wright & Wright, 1991). 2. Poor Boundaries Codependent individuals typically struggle with setting and maintaining healthy boundaries. Difficulty Saying No: Feeling guilty or anxious about refusing requests from others. Overstepping Boundaries: Becoming overly involved in others’ lives and problems (Whitfield, 1991). 3. Low Self-Esteem Codependency is often linked with low self-esteem and a lack of self-worth. Seeking Approval: Relying on others’ approval and validation to feel good about themselves. Self-Criticism: Being overly critical of oneself and feeling unworthy or inadequate (Beattie, 1987). 4. People-Pleasing Behaviour Codependent individuals tend to prioritise pleasing others over their own needs and desires. Fear of Rejection: Avoiding conflict and going to great lengths to keep others happy to avoid rejection or abandonment. Suppressing Emotions: Hiding or suppressing their own feelings to avoid upsetting others (Cowan & Warren, 1994). 5. Dependency Codependent relationships are marked by an unhealthy level of dependency on another person. Emotional Reliance: Depending on another person for emotional support and happiness. Fear of Being Alone: Feeling unable to function or cope without the other person (Cermak, 1986). 6. Control Issues Codependent individuals may exhibit controlling behaviours as a way to maintain the relationship and ensure the other person’s dependence on them. Manipulation: Using guilt, shame, or other tactics to control the other person’s behaviour. Micromanaging: Attempting to control every aspect of the other person’s life (Wright & Wright, 1991). Impact of Codependency Codependency can have significant negative effects on both individuals and their relationships. 1. Emotional and Mental Health Chronic Stress: The constant pressure to care for and control another person can lead to chronic stress and burnout. Anxiety and Depression: Low self-esteem and the fear of rejection can contribute to anxiety and depression (Marks et al., 2012). 2. Relationship Strain Resentment and Conflict: The imbalance in the relationship can lead to feelings of resentment and frequent conflicts. Lack of Authenticity: Suppressing one’s own needs and feelings can result in a lack of authenticity and intimacy in the relationship (Fischer et al., 2015). 3. Personal Growth Stunted Growth: Codependent individuals may struggle to achieve personal growth and fulfilment due to their focus on the other person. Loss of Identity: The excessive focus on the other person can lead to a loss of self-identity and purpose (Whitfield, 1991). Strategies for Overcoming Codependency Recovering from codependency involves recognising and addressing these unhealthy patterns. Effective strategies include: 1. Therapy and Counselling Professional therapy can help individuals understand the root causes of their codependent behaviours and develop healthier relationship patterns. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT): CBT can help individuals reframe negative thought patterns and behaviours (Beattie, 1987). Individual and Group Therapy: Both individual therapy and support groups can provide valuable insights and support for overcoming codependency (Fischer et al., 2015). 2. Establishing Healthy Boundaries Learning to set and maintain healthy boundaries is crucial for breaking codependent patterns. Assertiveness Training: Developing assertiveness skills can help individuals express their needs and set boundaries without feeling guilty (Cowan & Warren, 1994). Self-Care Practices: Prioritising self-care and attending to one’s own needs and wellbeing (Whitfield, 1991). 3. Building Self-Esteem Improving self-esteem is essential for overcoming codependency. Positive Self-Talk: Practising positive self-talk and challenging negative self-beliefs. Self-Compassion: Developing self-compassion and treating oneself with kindness and understanding (Neff, 2011). 4. Fostering Independence Encouraging independence and self-reliance can help individuals break free from codependent behaviours. Pursuing Personal Interests: Engaging in hobbies and activities that foster a sense of self and independence. Developing Coping Skills: Building healthy coping skills to manage stress and emotions without relying on others (Marks et al., 2012). Conclusion Codependency is a complex and challenging behavioural condition that can significantly impact individuals and their relationships. Recognising the signs of codependency and implementing effective strategies for overcoming it are crucial steps toward healthier and more fulfilling relationships. Therapy, setting healthy boundaries, building self-esteem, and fostering independence are key components of recovery. If you or someone you know is struggling with codependency, seeking professional help and support can lead to positive change and improved mental health. References Beattie, M. (1987). Codependent No More: How to Stop Controlling Others and Start Caring for Yourself. Hazelden Publishing. Cermak, T. L. (1986). Diagnosing and treating codependence. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 9(1), 25-34. Cowan, G., & Warren, L. W. (1994). Codependency and gender-stereotyped traits. Sex Roles, 30(7-8), 631-645. Fischer, J. L., Spann, L., & Crawford, D. W. (1991). Measuring codependency. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 8(1), 87-99. Marks, G. N., Fleming, N., Long, M., & McMillan, J. (2012). Early school leaving in Australia: Findings from the 1995 year cohort of

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 05/01/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Supporting someone with depression can be challenging, but it is essential for their recovery and wellbeing. Depression is a common mental health disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, characterised by persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and various physical and emotional problems. Understanding how to support someone with depression involves empathy, patience, and practical strategies. This article explores effective ways to support someone with depression, supported by scientific research. Keywords: how to support someone with depression, supporting a loved one with depression, depression help, mental health support, Australian mental health Understanding Depression Depression is more than just feeling sad; it is a serious mental health condition that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. Symptoms can include persistent sadness, loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and difficulty concentrating (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is crucial to approach someone with depression with empathy and understanding. Practical Strategies to Support Someone with Depression 1. Educate Yourself About Depression Understanding depression is the first step in providing effective support. Educate yourself about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of depression to better understand what your loved one is going through. Learn the Symptoms: Recognise the signs of depression to better understand their behaviour and needs (National Institute of Mental Health, 2020). Understand the Treatments: Familiarise yourself with treatment options, including therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes, so you can offer informed support (Mayo Clinic, 2018). 2. Be There for Them One of the most important things you can do is to be present and available. Offer a listening ear and let them know that you are there for them. Active Listening: Practice active listening by paying full attention, nodding, and providing verbal affirmations. Avoid interrupting or offering unsolicited advice (Rogers & Farson, 1987). Show Empathy: Validate their feelings and experiences without judgement. Statements like “I’m here for you” or “That sounds really tough” can be comforting (Neff, 2011). 3. Encourage Professional Help Encourage your loved one to seek professional help if they haven’t already. Offer to assist them in finding a therapist or accompany them to appointments if they feel comfortable. Provide Information: Share resources about mental health professionals and how to access services (Black Dog Institute, 2020). Support Appointments: Offer to drive them to appointments or help them schedule sessions with mental health professionals (Australian Psychological Society, 2021). 4. Offer Practical Help Depression can make daily tasks overwhelming. Offering practical help can relieve some of their burden and show that you care. Assist with Chores: Help with household chores, shopping, or other responsibilities that might feel overwhelming (Jorm et al., 2005). Encourage Self-Care: Gently encourage them to engage in self-care activities like eating well, exercising, and getting enough sleep (WHO, 2017). 5. Be Patient and Persistent Recovery from depression can be a slow process with ups and downs. Patience and persistence are crucial in providing ongoing support. Consistency is Key: Continue to offer support even if they seem resistant or unresponsive. Consistent support can build trust and show your commitment (Coyne, 1976). Avoid Pressure: Don’t pressure them to “snap out of it” or do things they’re not ready for. Respect their pace of recovery (Beck, 1976). 6. Take Care of Yourself Supporting someone with depression can be emotionally taxing. Ensure you also take care of your own mental health. Seek Support: Talk to friends, family, or a therapist about your experiences and feelings (Kessler et al., 2001). Practice Self-Care: Engage in activities that relax and rejuvenate you, ensuring you maintain your own wellbeing (Neff, 2011). Tips for Effective Communication Effective communication is vital in supporting someone with depression. Here are some tips: Use Open-Ended Questions: Ask questions that encourage them to express their feelings, such as “How have you been feeling lately?” (Rogers & Farson, 1987). Avoid Minimising Their Experience: Avoid saying things like “Everyone feels down sometimes” or “Just think positive.” These statements can feel dismissive (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Express Concern Without Judgement: Let them know you’re concerned about their wellbeing without making them feel judged or guilty (Neff, 2011). Conclusion Supporting someone with depression requires empathy, patience, and practical strategies. By educating yourself, being there for them, encouraging professional help, offering practical assistance, being patient, and taking care of yourself, you can make a significant difference in their recovery journey. Remember, your support can provide the comfort and encouragement they need to seek help and work towards recovery. References American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Australian Psychological Society. (2021). Seeking help. Retrieved from https://www.psychology.org.au/for-the-public/Find-a-psychologist Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York: International Universities Press. Black Dog Institute. (2020). Depression. Retrieved from https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/resources-support/depression/ Coyne, J. C. (1976). Depression and the response of others. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85(2), 186-193. Jorm, A. F., Medway, J., Christensen, H., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., & Rodgers, B. (2005). Public beliefs about the helpfulness of interventions for depression: Effects on actions taken when experiencing anxiety and depression symptoms. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34(4), 619-626. Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593-602. Mayo Clinic. (2018). Depression (major depressive disorder). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007 National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Depression: Overview. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and wellbeing. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 1-12. Rogers, C. R., & Farson, R. E. (1987). Active listening. Communications in Business Today, 1(1), 1-8. World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 17/02/2026 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Gaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation in which a person or group covertly sows seeds of doubt in a targeted individual or group, making them question their own memory, perception, or judgement. It can have devastating effects on mental health, leading to feelings of confusion, anxiety, and even depression. This article explores the concept of gaslighting, its signs, and its impacts, supported by scientific research. Keywords: what is gaslighting, psychological manipulation, gaslighting signs, emotional abuse, mental health, Australian mental health Understanding Gaslighting The term “gaslighting” originates from the 1938 play “Gas Light” and its 1944 film adaptation, where a husband manipulates his wife into doubting her reality by dimming the gas lights and insisting she is imagining it. Gaslighting involves a pattern of behaviour aimed at undermining an individual’s reality, leading them to doubt their own perceptions and beliefs (Stern, 2007). Signs of Gaslighting Gaslighting can manifest in various forms, from subtle undermining remarks to outright denial of facts. Common signs include: 1. Denial of Reality Blatant Lies: The gaslighter tells obvious lies, creating a distorted reality for the victim. Contradiction: The gaslighter denies statements or events that the victim knows to be true (Abramson, 2014). 2. Manipulation of Perception Distortion of Facts: Twisting or distorting facts to fit the gaslighter’s narrative. Minimisation: Downplaying the victim’s feelings or experiences, making them seem irrational or overly sensitive (Stark, 2007). 3. Undermining Confidence Undermining Beliefs: Repeatedly questioning the victim’s memory or perception of events. Isolating from Support: Suggesting that others do not believe or support the victim, fostering dependency on the gaslighter (Calef & Weinshel, 1981). 4. Emotional Manipulation Projection: Accusing the victim of behaviours or feelings that the gaslighter themselves exhibit. Confusion and Disorientation: Using conflicting information to create confusion, making it difficult for the victim to trust their own judgement (Dorpat, 1994). Impact of Gaslighting on Mental Health Gaslighting can have severe psychological effects, leading to various mental health issues : 1. Anxiety and Depression Chronic Stress: The constant doubt and fear generated by gaslighting can lead to chronic anxiety. Depression: Feeling powerless and unable to trust oneself can result in depression (Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 1994). 2. Erosion of Self-Esteem Self-Doubt: Continuous questioning of one’s reality can erode self-confidence and self-esteem. Sense of Worthlessness: Victims may feel worthless or incompetent, doubting their abilities and judgement (Abramson, 2014). 3. Cognitive Decline Impaired Memory: The confusion and stress caused by gaslighting can impair memory and cognitive function. Decision-Making Difficulties: Difficulty trusting one’s judgement can lead to indecisiveness and impaired problem-solving abilities (Stern, 2007). Identifying Gaslighting in Relationships Gaslighting can occur in various types of relationships, including romantic, familial, professional, and social. Recognising the signs early can help individuals protect themselves: 1. Romantic Relationships Control and Domination: One partner consistently undermines the other’s reality to maintain control. Isolation: The gaslighter isolates their partner from friends and family to increase dependency (Sweet, 2019). 2. Familial Relationships Parental Manipulation: A parent may gaslight a child to maintain control or hide abusive behaviour. Sibling Rivalry: Siblings may use gaslighting tactics to manipulate family dynamics in their favour (Abramson, 2014). 3. Professional Relationships Workplace Bullying: Colleagues or supervisors may gaslight to undermine an individual’s performance or reputation. Power Dynamics: Gaslighting can be a tool for maintaining power imbalances in professional settings (Sweet, 2019). Coping Strategies and Seeking Help Dealing with gaslighting requires awareness and support. Here are some strategies to help cope with and address gaslighting: 1. Documentation Keep Records: Maintain a journal of events, conversations, and behaviours to track inconsistencies and patterns of manipulation. Gather Evidence: Collect tangible evidence, such as emails or messages, that support your perception of events (Calef & Weinshel, 1981). 2. Seek Support Talk to Trusted Individuals: Share your experiences with friends, family, or therapists who can provide an outside perspective. Join Support Groups: Engaging with others who have experienced gaslighting can provide validation and coping strategies (Dorpat, 1994). 3. Professional Help Therapy: A mental health professional can help you understand the dynamics of gaslighting and develop strategies to regain your confidence and autonomy. Legal Advice: In cases of severe manipulation or abuse, legal advice may be necessary to protect your rights and wellbeing (Stark, 2007). Conclusion Gaslighting is a harmful form of psychological manipulation that can severely impact an individual’s mental health and sense of reality. Recognising the signs of gaslighting and understanding its effects are crucial steps in protecting oneself. By documenting experiences, seeking support, and consulting professionals, individuals can counteract the damaging effects of gaslighting and rebuild their confidence and mental wellbeing. References Abramson, K. (2014). Turning up the lights on gaslighting. Philosophical Perspectives, 28(1), 1-30. Calef, V., & Weinshel, E. M. (1981). Some clinical consequences of introjection: Gaslighting. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 50, 44-66. Dorpat, T. L. (1994). On the double whammy and gaslighting. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 14(3), 268-289. Stern, R. (2007). The Gaslight Effect: How to Spot and Survive the Hidden Manipulation Others Use to Control Your Life. Morgan Road Books. Stark, E. (2007). Coercive Control: How Men Entrap Women in Personal Life. Oxford University Press. Sweet, P. L. (2019). The sociology of gaslighting. American Sociological Review, 84(5), 851-875. How to get in touch If you or your NDIS participant need immediate mental healthcare assistance, feel free to get in contact with us on 1800 NEAR ME – admin@therapynearme.com.au.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 11/10/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Psychological resilience is the ability to mentally or emotionally cope with a crisis or to return to pre-crisis status quickly. Resilience exists when the person uses “mental processes and behaviours in promoting personal assets and protecting self from the potential negative effects of stressors” (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2013). This article explores the concept of psychological resilience, its benefits, and strategies to enhance it, supported by scientific research. Keywords: psychological resilience, building resilience, mental health, coping with adversity, stress management, Australian mental health Defining Psychological Resilience Psychological resilience involves adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or significant sources of stress. It doesn’t mean that a person doesn’t experience difficulty or distress; rather, it is the ability to recover and move forward despite these challenges (American Psychological Association, 2014). Importance of Psychological Resilience 1. Improved Mental Health Resilience is associated with lower rates of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Resilient individuals are better equipped to handle stress and recover from setbacks (Bonanno, 2004). 2. Enhanced Wellbeing Resilience contributes to overall life satisfaction and wellbeing. It allows individuals to maintain a positive outlook and cope with life’s challenges effectively (Ryff & Singer, 2003). 3. Better Physical Health Psychological resilience is linked to better physical health outcomes, including lower rates of chronic diseases and improved immune function. This is partly due to the reduced impact of stress on the body (Seery, Holman, & Silver, 2010). Factors Influencing Resilience Several factors contribute to an individual’s resilience, including: 1. Social Support Strong relationships with family, friends, and community provide emotional support, practical assistance, and a sense of belonging, all of which enhance resilience (Cohen & Wills, 1985). 2. Positive Thinking Maintaining a positive outlook and practising optimism can help individuals view challenges as manageable and growth opportunities rather than insurmountable obstacles (Carver, Scheier, & Segerstrom, 2010). 3. Coping Strategies Effective coping strategies, such as problem-solving, seeking social support, and practising mindfulness, enable individuals to manage stress more effectively and build resilience (Folkman & Moskowitz, 2004). 4. Adaptability The ability to adapt to new circumstances and be flexible in one’s thinking and behaviour is crucial for resilience. This adaptability allows individuals to respond to changing situations in constructive ways (Fredrickson, 2001). Building Psychological Resilience 1. Strengthening Social Connections Building and maintaining strong relationships can provide support during tough times. Engaging in community activities, nurturing friendships, and seeking support from family can foster a resilient mindset (House, Umberson, & Landis, 1988). 2. Practising Mindfulness and Meditation Mindfulness and meditation can enhance resilience by promoting emotional regulation and reducing stress. These practices help individuals stay present, manage negative emotions, and maintain a balanced perspective (Grossman et al., 2004). 3. Developing Problem-Solving Skills Improving problem-solving skills can help individuals tackle challenges more effectively. This involves breaking down problems into manageable parts, brainstorming solutions, and taking decisive actions (Heppner & Petersen, 1982). 4. Setting Realistic Goals Setting and working towards realistic goals can boost confidence and resilience. It’s important to set achievable objectives and celebrate small successes along the way (Locke & Latham, 2002). 5. Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep are crucial for mental and physical health. These habits help to manage stress and build a foundation for resilience (Seligman, 2011). 6. Cultivating a Growth Mindset Adopting a growth mindset involves viewing challenges as opportunities for growth and learning rather than as threats. This mindset encourages resilience by promoting a positive approach to adversity (Dweck, 2006). Conclusion Psychological resilience is a vital component of mental health and wellbeing, enabling individuals to cope with adversity and recover from setbacks. By strengthening social connections, practising mindfulness, developing problem-solving skills, setting realistic goals, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and cultivating a growth mindset, individuals can enhance their resilience and lead more fulfilling lives. If you are looking to build your resilience, start incorporating these strategies into your daily routine. References American Psychological Association. (2014). The road to resilience. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20-28. Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 879-889. Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357. Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House. Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory. European Psychologist, 18(1), 12-23. Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745-774. Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226. Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(1), 35-43. Heppner, P. P., & Petersen, C. H. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(1), 66-75. House, J. S., Umberson, D., & Landis, K. R. (1988). Structures and processes of social support. Annual Review of Sociology, 14(1), 293-318. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705-717. Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (2003). Flourishing under fire: Resilience as a prototype of challenged thriving. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 395-418. Seery, M. D., Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (2010). Whatever does not kill us: Cumulative lifetime adversity, vulnerability, and resilience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(6), 1025-1041. Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 20/06/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Melbourne, the capital city of the state of Victoria, is renowned for its rich history, vibrant arts scene, and progressive outlook. With an increasing awareness and emphasis on mental health in recent years, Melbourne has seen a rise in psychology clinics offering varied services to cater to its diverse population. This article delves into the landscape of psychology clinics in Melbourne, exploring their evolution, services, challenges, and the role of telehealth in shaping their future. 1. Historical Perspective The significance of mental health in Melbourne traces back to the early 1900s when the first mental health institutions were established. However, these early institutions bore little resemblance to the psychology clinics of today. Over the decades, as the global understanding of mental health shifted from institutional care to community-based services, Melbourne too embraced this change, facilitating the establishment of numerous psychology clinics throughout the city. 2. Services Offered Melbourne’s psychology clinics offer a plethora of services, ranging from individual therapy, group therapy, and couple’s counseling to medical treatments for conditions such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and addiction. They also cater to diverse age groups, including children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. Furthermore, with the growth of multiculturalism in Melbourne, many clinics offer services tailored to specific cultural and linguistic groups, ensuring that care is both accessible and culturally sensitive. 3. Challenges Faced by Psychology Clinics Despite the progress made, several challenges remain: Stigma: Even in a progressive city like Melbourne, there’s still a stigma associated with seeking mental health services. Efforts by both government and private institutions are ongoing to combat this. Access: While Melbourne boasts numerous psychology clinics, not all areas of the city have equal access. Rural and regional areas, in particular, may lack sufficient services. Funding: Government funding for psychology services remains a challenge. Securing contracts and establishing sustainable funding models is crucial for clinics to thrive. 4. The Advent of Telehealth in Psychology The introduction of telehealth services has been a game-changer for psychology clinics in Melbourne, especially amidst global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth facilitates: Broader Access: Residents of areas underserved by traditional clinics can now access quality psychological care. Flexibility: Clients can choose between face-to-face sessions or online sessions based on their preference and convenience. Efficiency: Telehealth can reduce overheads for clinics and, if used effectively, can lead to a more sustainable and scalable service model. 5. The Future: Government Relationships and Contracts To expand and sustain their services, psychology clinics in Melbourne are looking towards fostering stronger relationships with government departments. Securing government contracts can not only provide steady revenue but can also position clinics as trusted partners in public health initiatives. The Australian government, recognising the significance of mental health, has been increasingly open to such collaborations, especially with clinics that prioritize innovative care delivery methods like telehealth. Conclusion Psychology clinics in Melbourne have come a long way from their early institutional predecessors. As they evolve to meet the city’s diverse mental health needs, these clinics face both challenges and opportunities. The integration of telehealth and forging stronger government relationships stands out as promising avenues for their future growth and sustainability. How to get in touch If you or your patient/NDIS clients need immediate mental healthcare assistance, feel free to get in contact with us on 1800 NEAR ME – admin@therapynearme.com.au.