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Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 20/06/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) has introduced significant changes following its 2024 review, one of which is the removal of alcohol and drug-related services from the list of NDIS-funded supports. This decision, part of the broader effort to refocus the NDIS on its core objectives, has sparked discussions and concerns within the disability community and among service providers. This article delves into the reasons behind this removal, the potential impact on NDIS participants, and the broader implications for disability support services in Australia. Keywords: NDIS changes 2024, NDIS substance use support, Disability and substance abuse services Australia, Impact of NDIS review on participants, NDIS service changes, Substance abuse services NDIS, Disability support and substance use, Alcohol and drug services under NDIS What Are Alcohol and Drug-Related Services? Alcohol and drug-related services under the NDIS have historically included supports designed to help participants manage substance use issues, particularly when these issues are intertwined with a participant’s disability. These services could range from counselling and rehabilitation programs to harm reduction strategies and educational programs aimed at preventing substance abuse. For many individuals with disabilities, particularly those with complex support needs, these services have been crucial in managing both their substance use and the associated mental and physical health challenges (AIHW, 2020). Reasons for Removal of Alcohol and Drug-Related Services The decision to remove alcohol and drug-related services from NDIS funding stems from the review’s overarching goal to ensure that the Scheme remains sustainable and focused on its core purpose—supporting people with disabilities to achieve their goals and live more independently. The review emphasised that certain services, particularly those related to alcohol and drug use, are more appropriately funded and managed through mainstream health services rather than through the NDIS (NDIS, 2024). Minister for the NDIS, Bill Shorten, noted that the NDIS was never intended to cover all aspects of healthcare and that the integration of disability supports with existing health systems would lead to more effective service delivery. The government argues that substance use issues should be addressed within the framework of Australia’s broader public health and mental health systems, which are better equipped to provide workd treatment for alcohol and drug addiction (DSS, 2024). Impact on NDIS Participants The removal of these services from the NDIS could have significant implications for participants who rely on them. For individuals with disabilities who are also dealing with substance use disorders, the integrated support provided through the NDIS has been critical. The decision to remove these services may leave a gap in care, particularly for those who struggle to access mainstream health services due to barriers such as geographic isolation, financial constraints, or stigma (PWDA, 2024). There is also concern that without the NDIS covering these services, some participants may experience a decline in their overall well-being. Substance use disorders often require a multifaceted approach to treatment, particularly when they co-occur with other disabilities. The removal of these supports may result in participants falling through the cracks of the healthcare system, leading to worsened health outcomes and increased pressure on emergency services (AIHW, 2020). Broader Implications for Disability Services The removal of alcohol and drug-related services from the NDIS reflects a broader trend towards narrowing the scope of services funded by the Scheme. This decision has raised concerns among disability advocates who argue that the NDIS should take a holistic approach to disability support, recognising the complex interplay between disability, mental health, and substance use. Critics of the decision suggest that while mainstream health services may offer support for substance use, they may not fully understand or address the unique needs of individuals with disabilities. As a result, participants may not receive the comprehensive care they require, which could undermine the goals of the NDIS to support individuals in leading more independent and fulfilling lives (Kendrick & Ward, 2022). The Future of Integrated Care The removal of alcohol and drug-related services from the NDIS underscores the need for better integration between disability services and mainstream healthcare. To mitigate the impact of this change, there must be strong coordination between the NDIS and health services to ensure that participants with substance use issues receive appropriate care. Service providers and healthcare professionals will need to work closely together to bridge any gaps and ensure that participants do not face disruptions in their care. This could involve creating more streamlined referral processes, increasing awareness of available services within the health system, and advocating for policies that support the unique needs of people with disabilities who also have substance use disorders (Keesler, 2023). Conclusion The removal of alcohol and drug-related services from the NDIS following the August 2024 review represents a significant shift in the Scheme’s approach to funding. While the decision aims to refocus the NDIS on its core objectives, it raises concerns about the potential impact on participants who rely on these services. As the NDIS continues to evolve, it will be crucial to ensure that participants receive the comprehensive support they need, even if it means better integrating services with the broader health system. References Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). (2020). Australia’s health 2020: In brief. AIHW. Department of Social Services (DSS). (2024). NDIS review outcomes: Focus on core supports. DSS. Kendrick, M. J., & Ward, L. (2022). The evolving role of the NDIS in supporting holistic disability care. Australian Social Work, 75(1), 102-114. National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). (2024). August 2024 review: Changes to funded supports. NDIS. People with Disability Australia (PWDA). (2024). The implications of removing alcohol and drug-related services from the NDIS. PWDA. Keesler, J. M. (2023). Bridging the gap: Integrating disability services and substance use treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 142, 108837. How to get in touch If you or

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 20/12/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties in social communication, repetitive behaviours, and a range of symptoms that vary widely in severity. While the primary treatment for autism focuses on behavioural therapies and educational interventions, there is growing interest in the role of diet and nutrition in managing symptoms. Some parents and practitioners report that certain diets may help improve behavioural symptoms, gastrointestinal issues, and overall well-being in individuals with autism. This article explores the most commonly recommended diets for autism, examines the scientific evidence supporting their use, and discusses considerations for implementing dietary changes. Keywords: diets for autism, autism nutrition, autism spectrum disorder, ASD diets, gluten-free diet autism, casein-free diet autism, GFCF diet autism, nutritional therapy autism, autism diet research The Role of Diet in Autism Management Diet and nutrition have become increasingly recognised as potential factors that may influence the symptoms and quality of life of individuals with autism. The interest in dietary interventions stems from observations that many individuals with autism also experience gastrointestinal (GI) issues, food sensitivities, and nutritional deficiencies (Buie et al., 2010). These factors have led researchers and clinicians to explore whether modifying the diet could help alleviate some of the symptoms associated with autism. It is important to note that while some dietary interventions show promise, there is no one-size-fits-all solution for autism. The effectiveness of dietary changes can vary widely between individuals, and what works for one person may not work for another. Furthermore, while dietary interventions may offer support for some symptoms, they should not be considered a substitute for comprehensive autism treatment plans, which typically include behavioural therapies, educational support, and other medical interventions (Mulloy et al., 2010). Common Diets Recommended for Autism Several diets have been proposed to support individuals with autism. These diets are often designed to address specific issues such as food sensitivities, GI problems, or nutritional imbalances. Below are some of the most commonly recommended diets for autism. 1.1 Gluten-Free, Casein-Free (GFCF) Diet The gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diet is one of the most popular dietary interventions for autism. This diet eliminates all sources of gluten (a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye) and casein (a protein found in dairy products). Proponents of the GFCF diet believe that some individuals with autism may have difficulty digesting gluten and casein, leading to the production of peptides that affect brain function and behaviour (Whiteley et al., 2010). Scientific Evidence: The evidence supporting the GFCF diet is mixed. Some studies suggest that the diet may lead to improvements in behaviour, social skills, and communication in some individuals with autism, particularly those with GI issues or food sensitivities (Millward et al., 2008). However, other studies have found no significant benefits, and the quality of the research is often limited by small sample sizes and methodological weaknesses (Christison & Ivany, 2006). Overall, while the GFCF diet may be beneficial for some individuals, more rigorous research is needed to determine its efficacy. 1.2 Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) The Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) is another diet that has gained attention in the autism community. The SCD is a grain-free, sugar-free diet that focuses on eliminating complex carbohydrates that are believed to contribute to gut inflammation and dysbiosis (an imbalance of gut bacteria). The diet emphasises the consumption of simple carbohydrates found in fruits, vegetables, and some dairy products (Gottschall, 1994). Scientific Evidence: Research on the SCD for autism is limited, but some parents and practitioners report improvements in GI symptoms, behaviour, and overall health in individuals who follow the diet. The rationale behind the SCD is based on the idea that a healthy gut microbiome is essential for overall health, including brain function. While the SCD may help alleviate GI issues in some individuals with autism, more research is needed to establish its effectiveness and safety (Sandler et al., 2000). 1.3 Ketogenic Diet The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been used for decades to manage epilepsy, and there is growing interest in its potential benefits for autism. The diet works by inducing a state of ketosis, where the body burns fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. This process is believed to have neuroprotective effects and may reduce seizure activity, which is common in individuals with autism (Kossoff & Wang, 2013). Scientific Evidence: While there is limited research on the ketogenic diet specifically for autism, some studies suggest that it may improve symptoms such as hyperactivity, social interaction, and cognitive function in some individuals with ASD (Evangeliou et al., 2003). However, the ketogenic diet is highly restrictive and can be challenging to maintain, and it is important to monitor individuals closely for potential side effects, such as nutrient deficiencies and gastrointestinal discomfort. 1.4 Low-Oxalate Diet The low-oxalate diet involves reducing the intake of foods high in oxalates, which are naturally occurring compounds found in many plant-based foods, such as spinach, nuts, and beets. Some researchers and clinicians believe that high oxalate levels may contribute to symptoms of autism, particularly in individuals with metabolic or digestive issues that impair the body’s ability to process oxalates (Kaufman et al., 2011). Scientific Evidence: The evidence supporting the low-oxalate diet for autism is largely anecdotal, with limited scientific research available. Some parents report improvements in behaviour, mood, and GI symptoms when following a low-oxalate diet, but more research is needed to understand the potential benefits and risks of this dietary approach (Kaufman et al., 2011). Nutritional Considerations for Individuals with Autism In addition to specific diets, it is important to consider the overall nutritional needs of individuals with autism. Many individuals with autism have food selectivity or sensory issues that can lead to limited diets and nutritional deficiencies (Sharp et al., 2013).

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 20/06/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) provides crucial support to Australians living with disabilities, including access to mental health services like psychology. Finding the right NDIS psychologist near you is essential for addressing mental health needs and improving overall wellbeing. This article will guide you through the process of finding an NDIS psychologist, explain the benefits of psychological services under the NDIS, and offer tips on how to choose the right professional for your needs. Keywords: NDIS psychologist near me, NDIS mental health services, find an NDIS psychologist, NDIS registered psychologist, NDIS psychology support, NDIS therapy, NDIS psychological assessment, Australian mental health Understanding the Role of an NDIS Psychologist An NDIS psychologist is a mental health professional registered with the National Disability Insurance Scheme. These psychologists provide a range of services to NDIS participants, including psychological assessments, therapy, and support for managing mental health conditions. The goal is to help individuals with disabilities improve their mental health, develop coping strategies, and enhance their overall quality of life. 1.1 Services Provided by NDIS Psychologists NDIS psychologists offer a variety of services tailored to the needs of participants, including: Psychological Assessments: Comprehensive evaluations to assess mental health conditions, cognitive functioning, and emotional wellbeing. These assessments help inform treatment plans and support needs under the NDIS. Individual Therapy: One-on-one therapy sessions to address issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and behavioural challenges. Therapy may include cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and other evidence-based approaches (Hofmann et al., 2012). Behavioural Support: Development of positive behaviour support plans to manage challenging behaviours and promote adaptive skills. Skill Development: Assistance in developing social, emotional, and life skills that contribute to greater independence and participation in the community. Family and Carer Support: Guidance and support for families and carers to help them better understand and support the mental health needs of their loved ones (Robinson et al., 2013). How to Find an NDIS Psychologist Near You Finding the right NDIS psychologist can seem daunting, but several resources and strategies can help you locate a qualified professional near you. 2.1 Use the NDIS Provider Finder Tool The NDIS Provider Finder tool is an online resource that allows you to search for registered NDIS service providers in your area. You can filter your search by location, service type, and provider name to find psychologists who are registered with the NDIS and located near you. This tool is particularly useful for identifying local options and comparing services (National Disability Insurance Agency, 2021). 2.2 Ask for Recommendations Word of mouth can be a valuable resource when searching for an NDIS psychologist. Ask for recommendations from your NDIS planner, local disability organisations, or support groups. These sources may have experience with specific psychologists and can provide insights into the quality of care and services offered. 2.3 Check Online Directories Several online directories list NDIS-registered psychologists and mental health professionals. Websites such as the Australian Psychological Society (APS) and Healthdirect Australia offer searchable databases of registered psychologists, including those who work with NDIS participants. These directories often include profiles, areas of specialisation, and contact information, making it easier to find a psychologist who meets your needs (Australian Psychological Society, 2021). 2.4 Contact Local Health and Community Centres Local health and community centres often have connections with NDIS psychologists and can refer you to professionals in your area. These centres may also offer additional support services, such as counselling, group therapy, or mental health workshops, which can complement your psychological care. Choosing the Right NDIS Psychologist Once you have identified potential NDIS psychologists near you, it’s important to choose the right one to meet your specific needs. Here are some factors to consider when making your decision: 3.1 Specialisation and Experience Not all psychologists have the same areas of expertise, so it’s important to find one who works in the issues you or your loved one is facing. For example, if you are seeking support for a child with autism, look for a psychologist with experience in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental disabilities (Reaven et al., 2012). Similarly, if you need support for managing anxiety or depression, find a psychologist who works in these areas. 3.2 Therapeutic Approach Different psychologists may use different therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), or psychodynamic therapy. It’s important to understand these approaches and choose a psychologist whose methods align with your preferences and goals (David, Cristea, & Hofmann, 2018). 3.3 Accessibility and Availability Consider the location of the psychologist’s practice and their availability. It’s important to find a psychologist who is easily accessible and can accommodate your schedule. Additionally, some psychologists offer telehealth services, which can be a convenient option for those who have difficulty attending in-person sessions. 3.4 Communication and Rapport Building a strong therapeutic relationship is key to successful outcomes in therapy. During your initial consultation or first session, assess whether you feel comfortable with the psychologist and whether they communicate clearly and effectively. A good psychologist should be empathetic, non-judgmental, and responsive to your concerns (Norcross & Wampold, 2011). Benefits of Accessing Psychological Services Through the NDIS Accessing psychological services through the NDIS offers several benefits that can significantly improve mental health and overall quality of life for participants. 4.1 Tailored Support The NDIS provides funding for individualised support based on the participant’s unique needs. This means that psychological services can be tailored to address specific challenges, whether they relate to mental health conditions, behavioural issues, or skill development. Tailored support ensures that the services you receive are relevant and effective (National Disability Insurance Agency, 2021). 4.2 Increased Accessibility The NDIS aims to make mental health services more accessible to people with disabilities by providing financial support for therapy and other psychological services.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 06/07/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects social communication, behaviour, and sensory processing. As awareness and diagnosis of autism continue to rise, the role of an autism psychologist has become increasingly vital in providing support, assessment, and interventions for individuals with autism and their families. This article explores the functions, qualifications, and approaches of autism psychologists, highlighting the importance of their work in improving the quality of life for those on the autism spectrum. What is an Autism Psychologist? An autism psychologist is a professional who works in understanding, diagnosing, and treating Autism Spectrum Disorder. These psychologists have advanced training in neurodevelopmental disorders, behavioural therapy, and psychological assessment, allowing them to provide comprehensive care tailored to the unique needs of individuals with autism. Their work often involves collaboration with other healthcare professionals, educators, and families to develop and implement effective treatment plans (Lord et al., 2018). Key Responsibilities of an Autism Psychologist Assessment and Diagnosis: One of the primary roles of an autism psychologist is to assess and diagnose ASD. This process typically involves a combination of clinical interviews, behavioural observations, and standardised assessment tools such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) (Rutter et al., 2003). Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial in providing timely interventions that can significantly improve developmental outcomes (Dawson et al., 2012). Individualised Intervention Planning: Following a diagnosis, an autism psychologist works with the individual and their family to develop an intervention plan tailored to the person’s specific needs. This plan may include behavioural therapy, social skills training, and strategies for managing sensory sensitivities or challenging behaviours. The psychologist ensures that these interventions are evidence-based and adjusted as needed over time to accommodate changes in the individual’s development (Smith & Iadarola, 2015). Behavioural Therapy and Support: Autism psychologists often provide behavioural therapy, such as Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA), which is one of the most widely used and researched approaches for individuals with autism. ABA focuses on reinforcing positive behaviours and reducing problematic ones, helping individuals develop essential life skills (Leaf et al., 2016). Other therapeutic approaches may include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for managing anxiety, which is common among individuals with autism (Wood et al., 2009). Family Education and Support: Supporting families is a critical aspect of an autism psychologist’s role. They provide education on ASD, help families understand the challenges their loved ones may face, and offer guidance on how to support their development effectively. Family support may also involve counselling to address the emotional and psychological impact of caring for a child with autism (Karst & Van Hecke, 2012). Advocacy and Collaboration: Autism psychologists often advocate for individuals with autism, ensuring they receive appropriate services and accommodations in educational and community settings. They collaborate with teachers, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, and other professionals to create a comprehensive support network around the individual (Volkmar et al., 2014). The Importance of Early Intervention Research has shown that early intervention is crucial in improving outcomes for children with autism. Autism psychologists play a key role in identifying the signs of ASD as early as possible and implementing strategies that can enhance communication, social skills, and cognitive development. Early intervention can lead to better long-term outcomes in terms of independence, academic achievement, and quality of life (Zwaigenbaum et al., 2015). Qualifications and Training To become an autism psychologist, one must complete a doctoral degree in psychology, typically with a focus on clinical or developmental psychology. Additionally, workd training in autism, neurodevelopmental disorders, and behavioural therapy is required. Many autism psychologists pursue certification in specific assessment tools and therapeutic approaches, such as ABA or ADOS, to enhance their expertise in working with individuals on the autism spectrum (APA, 2020). Challenges and Ethical Considerations Working as an autism psychologist comes with its own set of challenges and ethical considerations. These professionals must navigate the complexities of each individual’s unique presentation of autism, which can vary widely in terms of severity and symptoms. Ethical considerations include ensuring that interventions are evidence-based, culturally sensitive, and aligned with the individual’s and family’s values and goals (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013). Moreover, there is ongoing debate within the autism community regarding certain therapeutic approaches, particularly ABA, with some advocates expressing concerns about the potential for these interventions to be overly controlling or not fully respecting the autonomy of individuals with autism (Bottema-Beutel et al., 2020). Autism psychologists must stay informed about these discussions and continuously evaluate their practices to ensure they are providing the most ethical and effective care. Conclusion Autism psychologists play a critical role in supporting individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their families. Through assessment, intervention, and ongoing support, they help individuals with autism navigate the challenges of their condition and achieve their full potential. As the prevalence of autism continues to rise, the demand for skilled and compassionate autism psychologists will only increase, underscoring the importance of their work in the broader landscape of mental health and developmental services. References American Psychological Association (APA). (2020). Becoming a psychologist. American Psychological Association. Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2013). Principles of biomedical ethics (7th ed.). Oxford University Press. Bottema-Beutel, K., Crowley, S., Sandbank, M., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2020). Research review: Conflicts of interest and confirmation bias in autism intervention research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(11), 1176-1187. Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., … & Varley, J. (2012). Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: The Early Start Denver Model. Pediatrics, 125(1), e17-e23. Karst, J. S., & Van Hecke, A. V. (2012). Parent and family impact of autism spectrum disorders: A review and proposed model for intervention evaluation. Clinical Child and Family

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 16/08/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Holistic child psychology is an approach to child psychology that considers the whole child, integrating physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual aspects of their development. Unlike traditional psychological approaches that may focus primarily on mental and behavioural health, holistic child psychology aims to address the interconnectedness of all areas of a child’s life to promote overall wellbeing. This article explores the principles of holistic child psychology, its benefits, and how it can be applied in practice. Keywords: holistic child psychologist, child psychology, holistic approach, mental health, child development, integrated therapy, emotional wellbeing, holistic health What is Holistic Child Psychology? Holistic child psychology is a framework that views the child as a whole person, acknowledging that their mental health is deeply connected to their physical health, emotional experiences, social relationships, and even spiritual beliefs. This approach recognises that all these aspects are interdependent, and that addressing one area can positively or negatively impact the others. By considering the child in their entirety, holistic child psychologists aim to support their overall development and wellbeing (Miller, 2012). Holistic child psychology often incorporates a range of therapeutic modalities, including cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), mindfulness, play therapy, nutrition counselling, and family therapy. The goal is to create a personalised treatment plan that meets the unique needs of each child, taking into account their strengths, challenges, and the environment in which they live. Principles of Holistic Child Psychology Several key principles guide the practice of holistic child psychology: 1.1 Whole-Child Approach The whole-child approach is central to holistic child psychology. It involves looking beyond just the symptoms or behaviours that a child presents with and considering all aspects of their life. This includes their physical health, emotional state, social relationships, family dynamics, and any spiritual or cultural beliefs that may influence their wellbeing (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). This principle recognises that children are complex beings whose experiences and environments shape their development. A holistic child psychologist will work to understand the various factors that contribute to a child’s mental health, such as their home life, school environment, and peer relationships, and how these factors interact. 1.2 Individualised Care Every child is unique, and holistic child psychology emphasises the importance of individualised care. This means that treatment plans are tailored to the specific needs, preferences, and circumstances of each child. A one-size-fits-all approach is avoided in favour of a more flexible and personalised strategy that takes into account the child’s personality, interests, and developmental stage (Maslow, 1970). Individualised care may involve combining different therapeutic modalities to address the various aspects of a child’s life. For example, a child struggling with anxiety might benefit from a combination of CBT to address negative thought patterns, mindfulness practices to manage stress, and family therapy to improve communication at home. 1.3 Integration of Mind, Body, and Spirit Holistic child psychology integrates the mind, body, and spirit, recognising that these elements are interconnected. This approach considers how physical health can impact mental health, and vice versa. For example, a child with poor nutrition or lack of sleep may experience increased anxiety or difficulty concentrating, which can affect their academic performance and social interactions (Siegel, 2012). In practice, this integration might involve working with other healthcare professionals, such as nutritionists or paediatricians, to ensure that the child’s physical health is supported alongside their mental health. Additionally, spiritual beliefs and practices may be incorporated into therapy if they are important to the child and family, helping to provide a sense of meaning and purpose. 1.4 Emphasis on Prevention and Early Intervention Holistic child psychology places a strong emphasis on prevention and early intervention. By addressing issues early on, holistic psychologists aim to prevent more serious mental health problems from developing later in life. This proactive approach includes teaching children coping skills, emotional regulation, and healthy habits that can support their long-term wellbeing (Liddle, 1995). Early intervention may involve working with parents and teachers to create supportive environments for the child, identifying potential stressors, and providing resources and strategies to help the child navigate challenges. The goal is to build resilience and equip children with the tools they need to thrive. 1.5 Family and Community Involvement Holistic child psychology recognises the importance of family and community in a child’s development. Children do not exist in isolation; their wellbeing is influenced by their relationships with parents, siblings, teachers, and peers. Therefore, holistic child psychologists often involve families in the therapeutic process, working to strengthen family bonds and improve communication (Minuchin, 1974). In some cases, community resources and support systems may also be integrated into the treatment plan. This could include connecting families with local support groups, educational programs, or recreational activities that promote social interaction and community engagement. Benefits of Holistic Child Psychology Holistic child psychology offers several benefits for children and their families: 2.1 Comprehensive Care By addressing the whole child, holistic child psychology provides comprehensive care that considers all aspects of a child’s life. This approach ensures that no area of the child’s development is overlooked, leading to more effective and lasting outcomes. For example, by addressing both emotional and physical health, children may experience improvements in their mood, behaviour, and overall wellbeing. 2.2 Personalised Treatment Holistic child psychology’s emphasis on individualised care means that treatment is tailored to the child’s unique needs. This personalised approach can increase the child’s engagement in therapy and improve the likelihood of successful outcomes. Children are more likely to respond positively to treatment when it aligns with their interests, strengths, and preferences. 2.3 Focus on Prevention The focus on prevention and early intervention helps to address potential issues before they become more serious. This proactive approach can reduce the risk of long-term mental health problems and promote resilience in children. By teaching children coping

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 15/10/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Entitlement is the belief that one inherently deserves privileges or special treatment regardless of circumstances or effort. This mindset can be problematic, not only for the individual who holds it but also for those around them. Entitlement has been linked to various negative psychological and social outcomes, including impaired relationships, reduced life satisfaction, and an increased likelihood of engaging in unethical behaviour. This article delves into the psychology of entitlement, its causes, and how it impacts both individuals and society. Keywords: feeling entitled, psychological entitlement, overcoming entitlement, narcissism and entitlement What is Entitlement? Entitlement is a psychological trait characterised by a sense of deservingness or self-importance, where individuals believe they should receive more than others based on no other factor than their perception of themselves. In psychological terms, entitlement is linked to narcissistic traits, but it can also manifest in people without diagnosable narcissism (Campbell & Miller, 2011). Entitlement can manifest in different ways: Personal Entitlement: When an individual believes they deserve better treatment or more privileges than others in personal situations (e.g., relationships or work). Group Entitlement: When a person feels entitled to preferential treatment based on membership in a specific group, such as socio-economic class or ethnicity. Psychological Causes of Entitlement Several factors contribute to the development of an entitled mindset: Narcissism: Individuals with narcissistic tendencies often exhibit a strong sense of entitlement. Narcissists tend to overestimate their own abilities and importance, leading them to believe that they deserve more than others (Miller et al., 2017). Narcissistic entitlement is rooted in a distorted sense of superiority, where the individual feels they are more special or important than others. Parenting Styles: Research suggests that certain parenting styles may contribute to a sense of entitlement in children. Overly permissive parenting, where children are not held accountable for their actions and are constantly praised, may foster unrealistic expectations and a sense of deservingness without effort (Baumrind, 1991). Cultural Influences: Societal messages that emphasise individual success, material wealth, and the pursuit of personal happiness can reinforce feelings of entitlement. Consumerism and media often portray the idea that individuals “deserve” luxury, attention, or admiration, which can lead to entitlement attitudes (Twenge & Campbell, 2009). Low Frustration Tolerance: Individuals with a low tolerance for frustration may develop an entitled mindset because they are less able to cope with setbacks or delays in gratification. When faced with obstacles, these individuals may react with anger or indignation, feeling that they should not have to endure hardship (Sirois, 2014). The Impact of Entitlement on Mental Health Entitlement is associated with several negative psychological outcomes, both for the individual and for their relationships. 1. Poor Mental Health Outcomes Research has shown that individuals with high levels of entitlement tend to experience more negative emotions, including anger, frustration, and anxiety. This is largely due to the discrepancy between their expectations and reality. When entitled individuals do not receive the special treatment they feel they deserve, they often react with resentment, which can lead to chronic dissatisfaction and unhappiness (Zitek et al., 2010). 2. Impaired Relationships Entitled individuals often struggle in relationships due to their inflated sense of deservingness. They may demand more attention, validation, or resources from others, leading to one-sided dynamics that are emotionally draining for their partners, friends, or colleagues. Over time, this can cause resentment and conflict, as those around them tire of their unreasonable demands (Campbell et al., 2004). 3. Unethical Behaviour Entitlement has also been linked to unethical behaviour. Studies suggest that entitled individuals are more likely to justify cheating, lying, or taking advantage of others because they believe they are entitled to success or rewards, regardless of the means (Piff et al., 2012). This mindset can have negative repercussions not only on personal relationships but also in professional and academic settings. Societal Implications of Entitlement Entitlement does not only affect individuals; it also has broader societal implications. In societies where entitlement is prevalent, there is often a higher level of social inequality and division. People who feel entitled may view others as less deserving, which can fuel discrimination, resentment, and conflict between social groups. Furthermore, in the workplace, entitlement can lead to reduced productivity and morale. Employees who feel entitled may put in less effort, expecting rewards or promotions without working for them. This behaviour can undermine team dynamics and lead to frustration among colleagues who are more hardworking or cooperative. Overcoming Entitlement While entitlement can have damaging effects, it is possible to address and overcome this mindset with self-awareness and effort. Here are some strategies for reducing entitlement: Practising Gratitude: Research has shown that cultivating gratitude can help counteract entitlement by shifting focus from what one lacks or deserves to what one already has. Gratitude fosters a sense of appreciation and humility, which can reduce the need for special treatment (Emmons & McCullough, 2003). Increasing Accountability: Encouraging personal responsibility and accountability can help mitigate entitled attitudes. This involves recognising one’s role in both successes and failures and understanding that rewards are typically earned through effort and perseverance, not automatically given (Miller et al., 2017). Embracing Empathy: Entitled individuals often struggle with empathy, focusing more on their own needs than on the needs of others. Developing empathy can help individuals understand others’ perspectives and reduce the tendency to demand more than their fair share of resources or attention (Davis, 2018). Setting Realistic Expectations: One of the primary reasons entitlement leads to dissatisfaction is the gap between expectations and reality. By setting more realistic expectations and acknowledging that life comes with both privileges and challenges, individuals can reduce feelings of frustration and resentment. Conclusion Entitlement, while a common mindset in today’s world, can have harmful effects on both individuals and society. It leads to impaired relationships, poor

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 20/06/2025 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) has undergone significant changes following its 2024 review, leading to the removal of several services, including sexual supports. This decision has sparked considerable debate within the disability community, as many argue that these supports are crucial for the well-being and autonomy of individuals with disabilities. This article explores the reasons behind the removal of sexual supports from the NDIS, the potential impact on participants, and the broader implications for disability services in Australia. What Are Sexual Supports? Sexual supports within the NDIS context refer to services that assist individuals with disabilities in expressing their sexuality, understanding sexual health, and accessing sexual services if needed. These supports can include counselling, sexual education, assistance with developing intimate relationships, and access to sexual services or sex workers (Gilmour et al., 2020). For many individuals with disabilities, these supports are essential for fostering a sense of autonomy, self-worth, and emotional well-being. They can help address the unique challenges that people with disabilities may face in forming intimate relationships and understanding their sexual health. Reasons for Removal of Sexual Supports The removal of sexual supports from the NDIS follows the broader reforms aimed at streamlining the Scheme and aligning it more closely with its original intent. The review highlighted the need to focus on supports that are directly related to disability and to reduce funding for services that could be accessed through other means, such as mainstream health services or community organisations (NDIS, 2024). Minister for the NDIS, Bill Shorten, stated that the decision to remove sexual supports was based on the principle that the NDIS should not fund services that are available to the general population through other systems. The government argues that sexual health and related services should be accessed through the mainstream healthcare system, rather than through NDIS funding (DSS, 2024). Impact on Participants The removal of sexual supports from the NDIS has significant implications for participants who rely on these services. For many, these supports are not just about sexual activity but are integral to their overall mental health and well-being. The decision may leave a gap in services, particularly for those who have limited access to alternative sexual health services due to geographic, financial, or social barriers (PWDA, 2024). Critics of the decision argue that the mainstream healthcare system may not be equipped to address the specific needs of people with disabilities in relation to sexual health. There is concern that this could lead to a reduction in the quality of care and support available, potentially exacerbating feelings of isolation, frustration, and helplessness among affected individuals (Alexander et al., 2021). Broader Implications for Disability Services The removal of sexual supports is part of a broader trend within the NDIS towards focusing on what are seen as “core” supports. This has led to a narrowing of the types of services that can be funded under the Scheme, raising concerns about the future direction of the NDIS and its ability to meet the diverse needs of people with disabilities (Kendrick & Ward, 2022). Advocacy groups have called for a more nuanced approach to funding decisions, one that recognises the importance of holistic care, including sexual health and relationships, in the lives of people with disabilities. They argue that the NDIS should be about more than just physical supports; it should also support participants’ rights to a full and fulfilling life, including their sexual rights (PWDA, 2024). Conclusion The decision to remove sexual supports from the NDIS after the 2024 review marks a significant shift in the Scheme’s approach to funding disability services. While the government argues that these services should be accessed through other means, there is concern that this change may leave some participants without the support they need to lead fulfilling lives. As the NDIS continues to evolve, it will be essential to monitor the impact of these changes and advocate for a system that truly meets the holistic needs of people with disabilities. References Alexander, M. S., Elliott, S., & Mallory, C. (2021). Sexual health support needs for people with disabilities: A gap in care. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 18(3), 445-453. Gilmour, L., Harrison, T., & Steinberg, D. (2020). The role of sexual supports in disability care: A review. Australian Journal of Disability Studies, 45(2), 98-112. Kendrick, M. J., & Ward, L. (2022). The evolving role of the NDIS in supporting holistic disability care. Australian Social Work, 75(1), 102-114. NDIS. (2024). Changes to NDIS legislation after the August 2024 review. National Disability Insurance Scheme. People with Disability Australia (PWDA). (2024). The implications of removing sexual supports from the NDIS. PWDA. Department of Social Services (DSS). (2024). Improving clarity on NDIS supports. DSS. How to get in touch If you or your NDIS participant need immediate mental healthcare assistance, feel free to get in contact with us on 1800 NEAR ME – admin@therapynearme.com.au.

Written by: Therapy Near Me Editorial Team Clinically reviewed by: qualified members of the Therapy Near Me clinical team Last updated: 18/07/2015 This article is intended as general information only and does not replace personalised medical or mental health advice. Learn more about our Editorial Policy. Mental health is a critical component of overall well-being, yet access to affordable mental health care remains a significant challenge for many Australians. While mental health services are essential for managing conditions like depression, anxiety, and other psychological disorders, the cost of care can be a barrier to those who need it most. This article explores the state of affordable mental health care in Australia, including the barriers to access, government initiatives, and strategies for making mental health services more affordable and accessible for all Australians. Keywords: affordable mental health care, mental health services Australia, low-cost therapy, access to mental health care, Medicare mental health, mental health funding, bulk billing psychology, mental health support The Importance of Affordable Mental Health Care Mental health care is vital for individuals to lead fulfilling lives and maintain their well-being. However, when mental health services are expensive or inaccessible, individuals are less likely to seek the help they need. This can lead to worsening mental health conditions, increased social and economic costs, and a greater burden on the healthcare system. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW, 2020), nearly half of all Australians will experience a mental health condition in their lifetime. Despite this high prevalence, many individuals face difficulties in accessing affordable mental health care, particularly those from low-income backgrounds, rural areas, and marginalised communities. Barriers to Affordable Mental Health Care in Australia Several factors contribute to the lack of affordable mental health care in Australia. Understanding these barriers is crucial for addressing the issue and ensuring that all Australians have access to the mental health support they need. 1.1 Cost of Services One of the most significant barriers to accessing mental health care is the cost of services. Private mental health services, such as consultations with psychologists, psychiatrists, and counsellors, can be expensive, with fees ranging from $150 to $300 per session. For individuals without private health insurance or those with limited coverage, these costs can be prohibitive (Australian Psychological Society, 2021). While Medicare provides some support through the Better Access initiative, which offers rebates for psychological services, out-of-pocket expenses can still be substantial. For many Australians, especially those on low incomes or in financial distress, the cost of mental health care is a significant obstacle. 1.2 Geographic Disparities Geographic location is another key factor that affects access to affordable mental health care. Australians living in rural and remote areas often face limited availability of mental health professionals, resulting in longer wait times and the need to travel long distances for care. This not only increases the financial burden on individuals but also discourages them from seeking help altogether (Fuller, Kelly, Law, & Pollard, 2020). Telehealth services have improved access in some areas, but connectivity issues and a lack of digital literacy can limit their effectiveness, particularly in the most remote regions. 1.3 Stigma and Awareness Stigma surrounding mental health remains a barrier to accessing care, particularly in communities where mental health issues are misunderstood or stigmatised. Individuals may be reluctant to seek help due to fears of judgment or discrimination, leading to untreated mental health conditions (Beyond Blue, 2020). Additionally, there is often a lack of awareness about the availability of affordable mental health services, including Medicare rebates, community mental health programs, and bulk billing options. Increasing awareness and reducing stigma are essential steps in improving access to mental health care. Government Initiatives to Improve Access to Affordable Mental Health Care The Australian government has implemented several initiatives aimed at improving access to affordable mental health care. These programs are designed to reduce the financial burden on individuals and ensure that mental health services are accessible to all Australians, regardless of their economic status. 2.1 The Better Access Initiative The Better Access initiative is one of the most significant government programs aimed at improving access to mental health services in Australia. Introduced in 2006, this initiative allows individuals to receive Medicare rebates for psychological services provided by registered psychologists, general practitioners (GPs), social workers, and occupational therapists (Australian Government Department of Health, 2021). Under the Better Access initiative, individuals can receive up to 10 sessions per year with a registered mental health professional, with an additional 10 sessions available temporarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This initiative significantly reduces out-of-pocket costs for mental health care, making it more affordable for many Australians. 2.2 Mental Health Care Plans Mental Health Care Plans are another essential component of the Better Access initiative. Developed by GPs, these plans provide individuals with a structured approach to managing their mental health. The plan includes an assessment of the individual’s mental health needs, a treatment plan, and referrals to mental health professionals. By following a Mental Health Care Plan, individuals can access Medicare rebates for psychological services, reducing the overall cost of care. This makes mental health care more accessible, particularly for those with ongoing mental health conditions (Australian Government Department of Health, 2021). 2.3 Headspace Headspace is a national youth mental health foundation funded by the Australian government, offering mental health services to young people aged 12-25. Headspace centres provide free or low-cost services, including counselling, mental health assessments, and support for issues such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Headspace aims to make mental health care accessible to young Australians, particularly those who may be experiencing financial hardship or who face barriers to accessing traditional mental health services. By providing affordable care, Headspace plays a crucial role in early intervention and prevention of more severe mental health issues (McGorry, Bates, & Birchwood, 2013). 2.4 Telehealth and Digital Mental Health Services The expansion of telehealth and digital mental health services has been a significant development in improving access to affordable mental health care. Telehealth allows individuals